Funds Quiz 2 Flashcards by Miah Medeiros

What is metabolic syndrome ?

Puts you at risk for diabetes:
Increased glucose levels 
Abdominal obesity 
Increased BP
High levels of triglycerides 
Decreased HDL

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average Temperatures

98.6 Oral
Axillary (usually 1 degree less than oral)
Rectal ( usually 0.9 degrees higher than oral)
Tympanic (same as oral)
Temporal

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How do vitamins work thru the body ?

They are absorbed thru the intestinal wall directly into the blood stream.
Water and fat soluble

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Fasting plasma glucose levels

126 mg/dl

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on the pulse volume scale, what is considered a normal pulse value?

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What types of cells secrete insulin in the pancreas?

Beta cells

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What is the purpose of insulin ?

It moved glucose out of the blood into tissue for fuel esp in the brain.
Glucose is stored as glycogen
Stimulates protein synthesis and free fatty acids storage in adipose tissue

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What are some examples of safety risks for a patient?

Falls
Low Immune system
Healthcare associated Infections 
Medication errors 
Wrong side surgery

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what is the normal respiration range for adults?

12-20 breaths per minutes

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Type 2 diabetes

Decreased ability of the body to USE insulin
Is acquired.
Insulin resistant
Ketosis resistant

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elevated bp

120-129/ <80

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Name the 8 peripheral pulses

radial
ulnar
brachial 
corotid
femoral 
popliteal 
pedal (dorsal and tibialis)
temporal

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What is the RDA for protein ?

0.8 g/kg

10 - 35% total caloric intake

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Secondary diabetes

Genetic defect of beta cells

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Hypothermia

Body temperature is lower than normal

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What type of fat burns calories ?

Brown fat

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what are the 6 components of QSEN?*****

patient center care
teamwork and collaboration
safety
informatics
Evidence based practice
Quality involvement

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what is the 5th vital sign?

Pain assessment

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Risk factors for diabetes

Family history 
Obesity >25 
Ethnicity 
Age >45
BP 140/90
Low cholesterol 
Triglycerides

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Incidius

Comes slowly

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asystole

no pulse

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Orthopnea

shortness of breath when lying flat

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What are the 3 P’s of type 1 diabetes?

Polyuria (increased urination)
Polydipsia) increased Thirst)
Polyphagia (increased hunger)

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Hemoglobin A1C

Reflects glucose levels over past 2 - 3 months

Goal is <6.5%

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What are vitamins needed for ?

The metabolism of carbs, proteins and fats

What is used for long term nutritional support?

An enterostomal tube.

HDL

High density lipoproteins “good cholesterol”

Dyspnea

Labored Breathing (difficulty)

BMR

Basal metabolic rate | The number of calories required to keep your body functioning while you are at rest. (Metabolism)

Hemoglobin A1C level

6.5% > average blood sugar

What causes breeches in patient safety?

miscommunication between healthcare long 12 hour shifts poor reporting of medical errors poor patient education

Vitamins are active in the form of what ?

Coenzymes

Nasogastric tube

Thru nose to the stomach

Diastole

Relaxation

How do carbs work in the body ?

They are classified as simple or complex sugars that are converted into glucose for transport thru the body.

What is the preferred route to deliver enteral nutrition to someone who is comatose?

A Gastrostomy

Diabetes

A chronic disease characterized by either a deficiency of insulin or a decreased ability of the body to use insulin

BMR for men/women

Men-about 1 cal/kg per hour | Women- about 0.9 cal/kg per hour

QSEN****

Quality Safe Education of Nurses

what is pulse oximetry

a measurement of the oxygen saturation of the hemoglobin molecule . Normal is >95%

Type 1 diabetes

``` Low insulin or none at all Distraction of beta cells Ketosis prone Insulin dependent 3 p’s Too much glucose in the blood stream, the body wants to get rid of it so kidneys help filter thru urination ```

Factors that decrease BMR

Aging, prolonged fasting, sleep

How many carbohydrates are needed daily ?

50 to 100 gm

Pancreas makes insulin, insulin is necessary in order to allow glucose into cells. If glucose can’t get into the cell, it builds up in the bloodstream and causes a water shift from inside the cells into the blood When there is too much water in the blood, the kidneys make you pee more often. When all the sugar is in the blood and it can’t get into the cells bc there is no insulin, it’s like the person is starving

Ketones

Made in the liver for fat breakdown

what is the most accurate way to take temperature?

Rectal

Hyperthermia

Body temperature is higher than normal

what are Carbohydrates?

Sugars, starches and lactose

what is a normal adult BP?

120/80

SBAR

Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation

Apical pulse

the most direct way to auscultate pulse (s1 Lum, s2 dum)

Exogenous insulin

Insulin from an outside source | Required by type 1

Pulse volume assessment

4 point scale for messing pulse. 0 = absent +4 = bounding

Factors that increase BMR

Growth, infections, fever, emotional tension , extreme temps, elevated hormone levels

what are the parts of a complete head to toe assessment?

1. general survey 2. vital signs 3. skin, hair, nails 4. HEENT 5. Respiratory 6. Cardiovascular 7. Peripheral vascular 8. GI 9. GU 10. muscoloskeletal 11. neurological

What are at rush waist circumferences for men and women?

Men > 49in | Women >35 in

What is anthropometric date ?

Things you can measure like weight, BMI, circomforance

What is ketosis and what will help prevent it ?

Ketosis is a natural state for the body, something your body does to keep working. In order to maintain ketosis, you need 50 - 100g carbs per day

Systole

Contraction

What does glucose do for the body ?

Glucose is a carbohydrates that gets converted into glucose which provides energy, carbon dioxide and water for the body.

What is the normal pulse range for adults?

60-100 bpm (regular or irregular) (4 POINT SCALE FOR MEASURING)

stage 1 hypertension

130-139/80-89

afebrile

Without fever

Types of protein

Complete (animal protein) or incomplete (plant protein) Based on amino acid composition

Nasojejunal route of feeding

Thru nose to the small intestines.

stage 2 hypertension

>140/ >90

Water

2/3 of body water is contained within cells intracellular fluid, the rest of the body is extra cellular fluid Make up 50 - 60% of body wt Act as digestive aid , absorption, circulation and excretion

Apnea

temporary sensation of breathing usually during sleep

List BMI classifications

``` <20 underweight 20 - 24.9 Healthy 25 - 29.9 overweight 30 - 34.9 class 1 obese 35 - 40 class 2 obese 40+ morbid obesity ```

What are the 6 vital signs?

``` Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Pain assessment O2 saturation ```

what is blood pressure?

The force exerted by the flow of blood pumped into the large arteries

eupnea

Normal breathing