Pharm Week 8 Flashcards
What do the kidneys secrete ?
- Renin- for BP regulation
- Erythropoietin- stimulates RBC production
- Calcitriol- active form of vitamin D for bone homeostasis.
Describe the process of urine production in the kidneys.
Blood enters nephrons in the kidney and is filtered through the glomerulus. Water and small molecules then pass into proximal tubules which passes through the loop of Henle, then travels to the distal tubules. This filtrate (fluid) empties into collecting ducts and leave nephrons as URINE.
What happens to medication in someone with kidney failure?
Drugs aren’t able to be filtered out of the body so they can accumulate to high (toxic) levels, so drugs dosage needs to be adjusted.
What is GFR?
Glomerular filtration rate: marker for estimating renal failure.
(Measures the volume of filtrate passing through Bowman’s capsule per minutes.)
Normal GFR = >60
African Americans are higher.
How many stages are there to kidney failure?
5
What stage of kidney failure does dialysis start?
Stage 5, when GFR IS BELOW 15
What are the purpose of diuretics?
They increase urine output.
What do cardiovascular drugs treat?
Hypertension
Or
Heart failure
Describe dietary management for patients with kidney disease.
Should restrict protein Reduce sodium Reduce potassium Reduce phosphorus Reduce magnesium
Why does hypertension occur in people with kidney failure?
Since the body can not
Filter out waste , the fluid in the body is NOT filtered out which can cause hypertension.
Name complications of renal failure
Anemia Hyperkalemia (High potassium) Hyperphosphatemia Hypervolemia (high water retention) Hypocalcemia Metabolic acidosis
Where does Lasix work?
In the Loop of Henley
What kind of drug is (lasix)
Loop diuretic
What are diuretics used to treat?
Hypertension
Edema associated with heart failure, cirrhosis and kidney disease.
Name the 4 main classifications of diuretics.
- High ceiling (Loop diuretics)
- Thiazide diuretics
- Potassium sparing diuretics
- Osmotic diuretics
