Pharmacology of Inflammation Flashcards
Omalizumab
Monoclonal antibody against IgE
Used to treat urticaria and allergic asthma
Sodium cromoglycate
Mast cell stabiliser: reduces calcium influx in mast cells preventing degranulation (may inhibit Cl currents required to maintain electric gradients)
Found in eye drops for hayfever but also used in mastocytosis and occasionally asthma
Loratadine
H1-receptor antagonist
Third generation anti-histamine: non-drowsy and no cardiac side effects
Used to treat hay fever and urticaria
Proglumide
CCK2 receptor antagonist used to inhibit histamine release from ECL cells
Ranitidine
H2-receptor antagonist used in the treatment of peptic ulcers
Omeprazole
Proton pump inhibitor used in the treatment of peptic ulcers
Can be co-administered with NSAIDs to reduce the risk of GI bleeding
Arthrotec
Combination of misoprostol (PGE1 analogue) and diclofenac (NSAID) used in chronic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis to prevent peptic ulcer formation
Icatibant
Bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hereditary angioedema
Ibuprofen
NSAID: non-selective COX inhibitor used as an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory
Etoricoxib
NSAID: selective COX-2 inhibitor reserved for chronic inflammation in patients without substantial cardiovascular risk
Naproxcinod
Combination of NSAID and NO
Aspirin
NSAID: irreversible inhibitor, weakly COX-1 selective
Used at low doses to decrease the risk of platelet aggregation
Paracetamol
Analgesic/antipyretic COX inhibitor
Does not cause anti-inflammatory actions of classical NSAIDs
Ondansetron
5-HT3 receptor antagonist used to treat/prevent vomiting
Sumatriptan
5-HT1B/D/F agonist used in the treatment of migraine
1B: vasoconstriction
1D/F: inhibits nociceptor activity
Dexamethasone
Corticosteroid binds GRα, used as an anti-inflammatory and in immunosuppression
Salbutamol
β2-receptor agonist: short-acting used to treat acute asthmatic attacks
Salmeterol
β2-receptor agonist: long-acting used prophylactically in the treatment of asthma
Theophylline
PDE inhibitor induces bronchodilation/mast cell stabilisation used prophylactically in asthma when standard medication ineffective
Zafirlukast
CysLT1R antagonist which can induce bronchodilation but less effective salbutamol
Used prophylactically when standard medication ineffective
Zileuton
5-LO inhibitor can be used prophylactically in treatment of asthma
Methotrexate
DMARD: DHFR inhibitor used in rheumatoid arthritis
Penicillamine
DMARD: used in rheumatoid arthritis may act by decreasing IL-1 and collagen synthesis
Sodium aurothiomalate
DMARD: mechanism largely unknown used in rheumatoid arthritis
Etanercept
Fusion protein of TNFαR and Fc portion of IgG1 used in rheumatoid arthritis
Adalimumab
Human anti-TNFα mAb used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Anakinra
Recombinant IL-1R antagonist (high affinity that IL-1) used in rheumatoid arthritis
Cyclosporin A
Immunosuppressive drug: binds cyclophilin
The complex inhibits calcineurin preventing IL-2 upregulation
Used to prevent transplant rejection
Tacrolimus
Immunosuppressive drug: binds FK-binding protein
Complex inhibits calcineurin, preventing IL-2 upregulation
Used to prevent transplant rejection
Basilixumab
Immunosuppressive drug: mAb against CD25-α-subunit of IL-2R
Azathioprine
Immunosuppressive drug: inhibits DNA synthesis in cells lacking a nucleotide scavenger pathway (B/T-cells)
Alemtuzumab
mAb against CD52 used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma
