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Urinary Exam 2 > Pharmacology of Antiviral Drugs > Flashcards

Pharmacology of Antiviral Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the viral cell attachment inhibitors?

A

Palivizumab
Maraviroc
Enfuvirtide
Docosanol

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2
Q

What are the viral Penetration inhibitors?

A

Interferons

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3
Q

What are the viral nucleic acid uncoating inhibitors?

A

Amantadine

Rimantadine

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4
Q

What are the 3 groups of transcription inhibitors?

A

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleotide/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Viral DNA polymerase inhibitors

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5
Q

What are the nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

A

Zidovudine

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6
Q

What are the non-nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

A

Efavirenz

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7
Q

What are the viral DNA polymerase inhibitors?

A

Ganciclovir

Acyclovir

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8
Q

What are the protease inhibitors?

A

Saquinavir

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9
Q

What are the viral release inhibitors?

A

Oseltamivir

Zanamivir

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10
Q

What is Enfuvirtide specific for?

A

HIV-1

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11
Q

How is Enfuvirtide metabolized?

A

Proteolytic hydrolysis

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12
Q

What is Enfuvirtide saved for?

A

Salvage therapy in HIV-1

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13
Q

How does Enfuvirtide work?

A

Inhibits HIV binding to CD4 cells

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14
Q

What is Maraviroc used to treat?

A

HIV

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15
Q

How does Maraviroc work?

A

Specifically binds host cell cytokine receptor (CCR5) needed for HIV entry into the cell

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16
Q

How is Maraviroc metabolized?

A

P450 CYP3A4 metabolism and renal excretion

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17
Q

How is Maraviroc transported out of the GI tract?

A

G glycoprotein substrate

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18
Q

What is Docosanol used to treat?

A

Herpes simplex

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19
Q

What type of compound is Docosanol?

A

A 22 carbon aliphatic alcohol

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20
Q

How does Docosanol work?

A

Inhibits fusion between plasma membrane and herpes simplex virus envelope preventing viral entrance into the cell

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21
Q

Maraviroc main adverse effects?

A

Cough, upper respiratory infections, muscle-joint pain

22
Q

What is Palivizumab used to treat?

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

23
Q

How does Palivizumab work?

A

Monoclonal antibody directed against a surface protein antigen on RSV

24
Q

Adverse effects of Palivizumab?

A

Elevated liver transaminases

25
Q

What is Palivizumab really?

A

A monoclonal antibody injected prophylactically

26
Q

What population would you use Palivizumab?

A

Premature babies and infants at high risk

27
Q

What are the three chemically different forms of interferons produced by human cells?

A

Type I
Type II
Interferon receptors

28
Q

What cells produce type I interferons?

A

Leukocytes

Fibroblasts

29
Q

What cells produce type II interferons?

A

T cells

NK cells

30
Q

What are type I interferons produced in response to?

A

Viral stimulation

31
Q

What are type II interferons produced in response to?

A

Immune stimuli and associated cytokines

32
Q

What family are interferon receptors a part of?

A

JAK-STAT group of tyrosine kinase receptors

33
Q

Mechanism of interferon action?

A

Binds to IFN type I receptor
Initiating JAK-STAT phosphorylation
STAT goes to nucleus host DNA reducing mRNA transcription needed for viral replication complex

34
Q

What are the interferon alpha drugs?

A

Interferon alfa-2a

Interferon alfa-2b

35
Q

What are the interferon beta drugs?

A

Interferon beta-1a

Interferon beta-1b

36
Q

What are the type I interferons?

A 
Alpha
Beta
Delta
Epsilon
Kappa
Tau
Omega
37
Q

What are the type II interferons?

38
Q

What do viral uncoating inhibitors affect?

A

Influenza A viral RNA in hosts cells

39
Q

How is Rimantadine metabolized?

A

Cleared by hydroxylation and conjugation

40
Q

How is Amantadine metabolized?

A

Glomerular filtration

41
Q

What is the net effect of transcription inhibitors?

A

Reduced viral replication

42
Q

DNA polymerase inhibitors metabolism?

A

Renal clearance GFR dependent

43
Q

Effect of non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors on metabolism?

A

P450 inducers or inhibitors

44
Q

What do protease inhibitors do?

A

Prevent post-translational cleavage of precursors inhibiting formation of the mature virus

45
Q

Adverse affects of protease inhibitors?

A

CYP3A4 metabolism major drug interactions
Buffalo hump
Shrunken face
Pot belly

46
Q

What do viral release inhibitors inhibit?

A

Neuraminidase

47
Q

Mechanism of viral release inhibitors?

A

Particles cling to sialic acid receptors of active neuraminidase enzyme sites

48
Q

What do viral release inhibitors cause by clinging to sialic acid receptors?

A

Failure to cleave sialic acid residues leaves completed virus clinging to the host cell or each other

49
Q

What are neuraminidase inhibitors good for use against?

A

Influenza A

Influenza B

50
Q

How are neuraminidase inhibitors excreted?

A

Active metabolites found in urine so reduce does in renal failure

51
Q

What does neuramidase do?

A

Cleaves sialic acid receptors from the virus allowing the virus to go free

Urinary Exam 2 (16 decks)

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