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Urinary Exam 2 > Introduction to Renal Pathology I > Flashcards

Introduction to Renal Pathology I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three non-neoplastic kidney diseases?

A

Glomerular
Tubulointerstitial
Renovascular

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2
Q

What labs do you look at for kidney altered function?

A

Serum

Urine

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3
Q

What labs do you look at for kidney altered structures?

A

Tissue biopsies

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4
Q

What are three methods you would use with a tissue biopsy?

A

Light microscopy
Immunofluorescence
Electronmicroscopy

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5
Q

What stains do you use for in light microscopy?

A

H and E
Silver
Trichrome
PAS

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6
Q

What do you use in immunofluorescence?

A

Antibodies to identify abnormal proteins in glomerulus; usually inflammation looking for complement

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7
Q

What do you look for with an electronmicroscopy?

A

Altered ultrastructure, primarily glomerulus

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8
Q

What is found in azotemia?

A

Increased BUN and creatinine in the serum

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9
Q

What are non-neoplastic renal diseases also called and why?

A

Medical kidney diseases

Because they do not require surgical intervention just medical intervention

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10
Q

What does Renovascular disease typically have to do with?

A

Hypertension

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11
Q

What does Tubulointerstitial disease involve and what causes it?

A

Tubular ducts or interstitium damage caused by toxins, ischemia or drugs

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12
Q

What usually causes glomerular disease?

A

Immune based

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13
Q

What altered function comes from glomerulus disease?

A

Issue with filtration and decreased GFR

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14
Q

What altered function comes from tubule disease?

A

Reabsorption and secretion

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15
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of azotemia?

A

Increased BUN and creatinine plasma levels due to decreased GFR

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16
Q

What is seen in nephritic (inflammation of) syndrome?

A 
Hematuria
INFLAMMATION
Mild to moderate proteinuria 
Hypertension 
Decreased GFR
17
Q

What is seen in nephrotic (disease of) syndrome?

A 
Heavy proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Severe edema
Decreased GFR
Altered glomerular filtration barrier
18
Q

What is severe edema due to loss of protein called?

A

Anasarca

19
Q

What does azotemia lead to?

A

Uremia and multisystem organ failure

20
Q

What characterizes acute kidney injury?

A

Rapid decrease in GFR
Increase in BUN/Cr
Oliguria or anuria

21
Q

What characterizes chronic kidney disease?

A

Persistent decrease in GFR

Persistent albuminuria

22
Q

What characterizes end-stage renal disease?

A

GFR less than 5% normal

Uremia

23
Q

What characterizes renal tubular defects?

A

Polyuria
Nocturia
Electrolyte abnormalities

24
Q

What is nephrolithiasis?

A

Kidney stone formation IN the kidney

25
Q

What is urolithiasis?

A

Kidney stone formation somewhere (other than kidney) in the urinary tract

26
Q

What are the barriers the filtrates must cross from inside the BV to the tubule?

A

Capillary endothelial cells
Glomerular basement membrane
Visceral epithelial cells (podocytes)

27
Q

What are the parietal epithelial cells?

A

Cells that make up the tubules

28
Q

What are mesangial cells?

A

Cells embed in the GBM and ECM

29
Q

Role of mesangial cells?

A

Phagocytosis
Contraction
Creation of EC proteins

30
Q

What EC protein do mesangial cells that are essential to the glomerular basement membrane?

A

Collagen type IV

31
Q

What occurs in autoimmune diseases with antibodies against collagen type IV?

A

They attack the GBM causing dysfunction

32
Q

What stain is used to see the glomerular basement membrane?

A

Periodic-acid Schiff stain (PAS)

33
Q

What color does the glomerular basement membrane appear in PAS stains?

A

Bright magenta (purple-red)

34
Q

What does a thickened glomerular basement membrane indicate?

A

Inflammation

35
Q

What protein is needed for slit pore diaphragm function?

A

Nephrin

36
Q

What are most glomerular diseases?

A

Acquired not inherited

37
Q

What most directly contribute to the filtration slits of the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

Visceral epithelial cells

Urinary Exam 2 (16 decks)

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