Introduction to Renal Pathology I Flashcards
What are the three non-neoplastic kidney diseases?
Glomerular
Tubulointerstitial
Renovascular
What labs do you look at for kidney altered function?
Serum
Urine
What labs do you look at for kidney altered structures?
Tissue biopsies
What are three methods you would use with a tissue biopsy?
Light microscopy
Immunofluorescence
Electronmicroscopy
What stains do you use for in light microscopy?
H and E
Silver
Trichrome
PAS
What do you use in immunofluorescence?
Antibodies to identify abnormal proteins in glomerulus; usually inflammation looking for complement
What do you look for with an electronmicroscopy?
Altered ultrastructure, primarily glomerulus
What is found in azotemia?
Increased BUN and creatinine in the serum
What are non-neoplastic renal diseases also called and why?
Medical kidney diseases
Because they do not require surgical intervention just medical intervention
What does Renovascular disease typically have to do with?
Hypertension
What does Tubulointerstitial disease involve and what causes it?
Tubular ducts or interstitium damage caused by toxins, ischemia or drugs
What usually causes glomerular disease?
Immune based
What altered function comes from glomerulus disease?
Issue with filtration and decreased GFR
What altered function comes from tubule disease?
Reabsorption and secretion
What are the clinical manifestations of azotemia?
Increased BUN and creatinine plasma levels due to decreased GFR
What is seen in nephritic (inflammation of) syndrome?
Hematuria INFLAMMATION Mild to moderate proteinuria Hypertension Decreased GFR
What is seen in nephrotic (disease of) syndrome?
Heavy proteinuria Hypoalbuminemia Severe edema Decreased GFR Altered glomerular filtration barrier
What is severe edema due to loss of protein called?
Anasarca
What does azotemia lead to?
Uremia and multisystem organ failure
What characterizes acute kidney injury?
Rapid decrease in GFR
Increase in BUN/Cr
Oliguria or anuria
What characterizes chronic kidney disease?
Persistent decrease in GFR
Persistent albuminuria
What characterizes end-stage renal disease?
GFR less than 5% normal
Uremia
What characterizes renal tubular defects?
Polyuria
Nocturia
Electrolyte abnormalities
What is nephrolithiasis?
Kidney stone formation IN the kidney
