Pharmacology - Malaria

Question 1

Which kind of malaria is involved in relapses?

Answer 1

P. ovale

Question 2

Class: Quinine aka quinidine

Answer 2

Quinoline derivative

Question 3

Class: Chloroquine

Answer 3

Quinoline derivative

Question 4

Class: Mefloquine

Answer 4

Quinoline derivative

Question 5

Class: Primaquine

Answer 5

Quinoline derivative

Question 6

MOA: Quinoline derivatives except Primaquine

Answer 6

Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yielding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases

Question 7

Therapeutic Uses: Quinoline derivatives

Answer 7

Prophylaxis, treatment of acute malarial attacks

Question 8

MOA: Primaquine

Answer 8

Forms quinolone-quinone intermediates that oxidize schizont membranes

Only drug that inhibits exoerythrocytic schyzogony

Question 9

What drug should you not give people with G6PD deficiency to treat malaria?

Answer 9

Primaquine

Hemolysis (G6PD), methemoglobinemia

Question 10

Side Effects: Quinoline

Answer 10

Cinchonism, hypotension, hypoglycemia, abortion, arrhythmias

Question 11

What is Cinchonism?

Answer 11

toxicity due to overdosage of cinchona alkaloids ie Quinoline; symptoms are tinnitus and slight deafness, photophobia and other visual disturbances, mental dullness, depression, confusion, headache, and nausea. Called also quininism.

Question 12

Quinoloine derivatives
Artemisinin compounds
Antifolates
Antibiotics
Other
Make up what kinds of drugs:

Answer 12

Anti-Malarial Drugs

Question 13

What drug can temporarily make resistant P. falciparum sensitive to chloroquine?

Answer 13

Amantadine

Question 14

MOA: Chloroguanide

Answer 14

Inhibitor of folate metabolism (dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors)

Chloroguanide (Proguanil) used in combination with Atovaquone = Malarone

Question 15

MOA: Atovaquone

Answer 15

depolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhibits their electron transport

Atovaquone selectively interferes with mitochondrial electron transport and related processes such as ATP and pyrimidine biosynthesis in susceptible malaria parasites. It acts selectively at the cytochrome bc1 complex of the parasite’s mitochondria to inhibit electron transport and collapse the mitochondrial membrane potential.

Chloroguanide (Proguanil) used in combination with Atovaquone = Malarone

Question 16

MOA: Artemisinin compounds

Answer 16

Specifically and selectively inhibit SERCA of P. falciparum

sarco-endoplasmic reticulum ca2+ atpase

Question 17

Class: Artesunate

Answer 17

Artemisinin compounds

Question 18

Class: Artemether

Answer 18

Artemisinin compounds

Question 19

Class: Lumefantrine

Answer 19

Aminoalcohol

Question 20

What is the only drug that inhibits exoerythrocytic schyzogony?

Answer 20

Primaquine

used for prophylaxis and to prevent relapses

Question 21

Drug of choice for persistent exoerythrocyticparasites after clinical cure of acute attack by P. vivax or P. ovale.

Answer 21

Primaquine

Question 22

Side Effects: doxycycline

Answer 22

photosensitivity

Question 23

Side Effects: Artesunate

Answer 23

Neurotoxocity, prolongation of QT interval

Question 24

_________ is a drug of choice for suppressing acute symptoms of P. malariae.

Answer 24

Chloroquine

Question 25

_______ is the only drug that destroys the late hepatic stages and latent tissue forms of P. vivax and P. ovale.

Answer 25

Primaquine

use to prevent relapses

Question 26

MOA Proguanil

Answer 26

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
antimalarial
part of Malarone