Microbiology - Zoonoses Flashcards
Does the following have a vector?
Bacillus anthracis
Not usually, spores are in the dirt
infected cow can be a vector
cause of anthrax
Does the following have a vector?
Francisella tularensis
Causes tularemia
vectors are ticks (dermacentor tick), mosquitos, deer flies
reservoir is rabbit
Does the following have a vector?
Brucella species
No
Cause of brucellosis
reservoir is all farm animals, EW
Does the following have a vector?
Bartonella henselae
Cause of cat scratch fever
vector is flea, tick
Does the following have a vector?
Yersinia pestis
Cause of bubonic plague
Vector is the flea
reservoir is rodent
What are the three kinds of anthrax?
Cutaneous (painless black eschar),
gastronintestinal,
pulmonary
What is the treatment for anthrax?
Cipro (fluoroquinolones - BSA)
Doxy
What kind of organism is Francisella tularensis?
Cause of tularemia (type A for America more virulent than type B which is in Europe) gram - aerobic coccobacilli facultative intracellular
What kind of organism is Bacillus anthracis?
rods (in chains) *** very unique obligate aerobe spore-forming gram + encapsulated - unique bc made of PROTEIN (poly-D glutamic acid)
What toxins does anthrax have?
EF and LF
edema factor - elevation in cAMP
lethal factor - tissue necrosis
What are the worst outcomes from anthrax?
Widened mediastinum on x ray - pulmonary anthrax
pulmonary hemorrhage
has almost 100% mortality
What is “wool sorters disease”
pulmonary anthrax
people handling wool inhale spores
What is the most severe form or tularemia?
Pneumonic tularemia
inhaling the bacteria is during landscaping
what are the main symptoms of tularemia?
Regional lymphadenopathy
granulomas with caseating necrosis
painful ulcer at infection site
Treat tularemia with:
Aminoglycosides
Undulant fever is a characteristic sign of what zoonotic disease?
Brucellosis
What kind of bacteria is Brucella?
gram negative
facultative intracellular
Chronic brucellosis is characterized by what sequela?
Osteomyelitis
Hepatosplenomegaly
Treat Brucellosis with:
Doxy (tetracyclines)
rifampin as adjunctive therapy WITH doxy
What kind of bacteria is Bartonella henselae?
gram -
need a special silver stain to visualize - “Warthin-Starry” stain
What symptom, besides a scratch from a cat and a fever, clues you in to infection with Bartonella henselae?
Axillary lymphadenitis
The “version” of cat scratch fever that occurs in immunocomprimised patients (ie HIV), is actually called:
Bacillary angiomatosis
Red lesions everywhere - looks like Kaposi’s
Treat Bartonella henselae infection with:
Doxy
Macrolides for bacillary angiomatosis
Infection by Pasteurella multocida is most by:
cat bites
can also be dog bites
Infection by Capnocytophaga canis is mostly by:
dog bites
can also be cat bites
Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rod, part of normal oral flora of dogs and cats
What is the diagnosis?
Incubation period typically 1 - 6 days
History of exposure to rodents, fleas, wild rabbits, sick or dead carnivores, or patients with pneumonic plague
Plague
Yersinia pestis
acral necrosis
Bubonic (> 80% of presentations)
rapid onset of fever and painful, swollen, tender lymph nodes - usually inguinal, axillary, or cervical
Pneumonic
high fever, overwhelming pneumonia, cough, bloody sputum, chills
Septicemic
fever, prostration, hemorrhagic or thrombotic phenomena, acral gangrene
Treat plague with:
Streptomycin
How do people get infected with leptospira?
Contaminated water - shed in urine of animal reservoir
Acute febrile illness followed by either more mild, self- limiting symptoms or severe multiorgan involvement
What is the likely culprit of these symptoms?
Phase 2: (delayed, immune)
New or continued growth of bacteria in organs causes more severe symptoms
Liver: jaundice
Kidneys: renal failure
Lungs: hemorrhage
CNS: aseptic meningitis
Vascular system overall: HUS, DIC, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), vasculitis
Leptospira
Conjunctivitis/uveitis and exposure to contaminated water source make you think of:
Leptospirosis
Treat leptospira infection with:
Penicillin G
