Pharmacology: Loop Diuretics

Question 1

what are the main loop diuretics

Answer 1

furosemide and bumetadine

Question 2

describe the action of loop diuretics

Answer 2

inhibit the Na/K/2Cl transporter by binding to the Cl site

Question 3

describe the effects of loop diuretics

Answer 3

decrease tonicity of interstitial fluid in medulla, prevent dilution of filtrate, increase Na load at distal nephron, increase Ca + Mg excretion

Question 4

what indirect effect of loop diuretics also helps for fluid overload

Answer 4

venodilation

Question 5

describe the pharmacokinetics of loop diuretics

Answer 5

absorbed from GI tract, strongly bound to plasma protein, enter nephron by organic anion transport(OAT)

Question 6

what are the clinical indications for use of loop diuretics

Answer 6

to reduce salt and water overload, increase urine volume in AKI, treat hypertension, reduce acute hypercalcaemia

Question 7

what are the contraindications for loop diuretics

Answer 7

severe hypovolaemia, or dehydration

Question 8

what are the possible side effects of loop diuretics

Answer 8

low electrolyte states, hypovolaemia/tension, hyperuricaemia, hearing loss

Question 9

what part of the nephron do loop diuretics act on

Answer 9

the thick ascending loop of Henle