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CAL-Jac Paramedic Program > Pharmacology for Diabetes, Antiemetics, Toxicology > Flashcards

Pharmacology for Diabetes, Antiemetics, Toxicology Flashcards

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1
Q

What class is oral glucose?

A

carbohydrate, hyperglycemic agent

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2
Q

Indications for oral glucose

A

hypoglycemia who are conscious and have a gag reflux

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3
Q

Contraindication for oral glucose

A

unconscious or no gag reflex

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4
Q

What is the dosage of Oral Glucose for an adult

A

10g

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5
Q

What is the dosage of Oral Glucose for pediatric?

A

10g

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6
Q

What is the onset time for oral glucose

A

5-20 minutes

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7
Q

What is the class of dextrose?

A

hyperglycemic and carbohydrate

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8
Q

What is the indication for dextrose?

A

hypoglycemia, AMS of unknown origin, seizure of unknown origin, coma of unknown origin

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9
Q

What is the MOA for dextrose and oral glucose?

A

increases blood glucose levels used for cellular metabolism

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10
Q

Side effect of dextrose?

A

Venous irritation and in extreme cases, necrosis of surrounding skin at IV site

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11
Q

What are the contraindications for dextrose?

A

none in an emergency setting with the presence of hypoglycemia, severe dehydration, anuria, diabetic coma, intracranial and intraspinal hemmorhage

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12
Q

What is a consideration with dextrose in relation to malnourishment and alcohol abuse?

A

Must administer thiamine before dextrose

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13
Q

Can dextrose be given to stroke patients?

A

No, unless there is hypoglycemia

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14
Q

What is the adult dosage for Dextrose?

A

25g (IV) until max or mental status improves, can be repeated

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15
Q

What is the pediatric dose for Dextrose?

A

0.5-1g (IV or IO push) until max is given or mental status improves

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16
Q

What is the Generic name for GlucaGen?

A

Glucagon

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17
Q

What is the class for glucagon?

A

pancreatic hormone, antidote, hyperglycemic , insulin antagonist

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18
Q

What are the indications for Glucagon?

A

AMS w/hypoglycemia, antidote for bradycardia caused by beta and/or calcium channel blockers

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19
Q

What is the MOA for glucagon

A

-Breaks down stored glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) to increase blood glucose levels
-Inhibits the synthesis of glycogen from glucose (glycogenesis)
-Causes positive inotropic and chronotropic effects
-Stabilizes rhythms in beta blocker overdose
-Relaxes smooth muscles in the GI and increases secretions

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20
Q

Contraindications for Glucagon

A

pheochromocytoma (tumor on adrenal gland), adrenal insufficiency, insulinoma (tumors in your pancreas)

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21
Q

What is the dose of Glucagon for calcium channel or beta blocker overdose in adults?

A

5mg slowly, IV push
Total dose of 10mg
Can repeat every 5-10 minutes

22
Q

What is the dose of Glucagon for calcium channel or beta blocker overdose in pediatrics?

A

1mg slowly, IV push every 5 min as necessary

23
Q

What is the adult and pediatric dosage for hypoglycemia using Glucagon?

A

1mg IM/IN

24
Q

What is the Generic name for Biamine?

A

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

25
Q

What is the class for Thiamine?

A

water soluble vitamin

26
Q

What is the MOA for Thiamine?

A

combines with adenosine triphosphate(ATP) for carbohydrate(glucose) metabolism

27
Q

What is the adult dosage for Thiamine?

A

50-100mg, slow IV/IO bolus over 5 minutes or 100mg Deep IM

28
Q

What is the pediatric dosage for Thiamine?

A

10-25mg- consult medical direction

29
Q

What is the contraindicaiton for Thiamine?

A

hypersensitivity

30
Q

What are the indications for Thiamine?

A

malnourishment or alcohol withdrawal with the administration of 50%dextrose, coma of unknown origin before giving IV dextrose

31
Q

What is the primary body system affected with the use of Insulin?

A

Endocrine

32
Q

Can insulin be used to treat hyperkalemia?

A

yes

33
Q

What class is Insulin?

A

hormone, antidiabetic

34
Q

What are the indicaitons for insulin?

A

diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperosmolar coma

35
Q

What is the contraindication for insulin?

A

hypoglycemia, hypokalemia

36
Q

What is the MOA for insulin?

A

Lowers blood glucose, helps glucose convert to glycogen

37
Q

What is the most rapid absorption of Insulin?

A

IM in the belly, then arm, lastly thigh

38
Q

What is the brand name for Ondansetron?

A

Zofran

39
Q

What is the MOA For ONdansetron?

A

blocks serotonin in the chemoreceptors of the CNS and vagal nerve terminals

40
Q

What class is Chlorpromazine?

A

CNS depressant, phenothiazine(anti-psychotic), antiemetic

41
Q

What is the MOA for Chlorpromazine?

A

Dopamine antagonist, blocking dopamine associated with mood and behavior in the CNS causing CNS depression and suppressing the vomit centers

42
Q

What is reaction that can happen with phenothiazines?

A

dystonic reactions and other extrapyramidal symptoms

43
Q

What is the synthesis of glycogen from glucose?

A

Glycogenesis

44
Q

What is the breakdown of glycogen to glucose called?

A

Glycogenolysis

45
Q

What is the antidote for beta blocker overdose?

A

Glucagon

46
Q

Why is Atropine given to RSI pediatrics?

A

When using a laryngoscope, the vagus nerve is stimulated

47
Q

Where is the vomiting center located in the brain?

A

Medulla Oblongata

48
Q

What is the antidotes for Tricyclic Antidepressants?

A
49
Q

Acetaminophen antidote after an hour

A

N Acetylcysteine

50
Q
A

CAL-Jac Paramedic Program (8 decks)

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