Pharmacology for Diabetes, Antiemetics, Toxicology Flashcards
What class is oral glucose?
carbohydrate, hyperglycemic agent
Indications for oral glucose
hypoglycemia who are conscious and have a gag reflux
Contraindication for oral glucose
unconscious or no gag reflex
What is the dosage of Oral Glucose for an adult
10g
What is the dosage of Oral Glucose for pediatric?
10g
What is the onset time for oral glucose
5-20 minutes
What is the class of dextrose?
hyperglycemic and carbohydrate
What is the indication for dextrose?
hypoglycemia, AMS of unknown origin, seizure of unknown origin, coma of unknown origin
What is the MOA for dextrose and oral glucose?
increases blood glucose levels used for cellular metabolism
Side effect of dextrose?
Venous irritation and in extreme cases, necrosis of surrounding skin at IV site
What are the contraindications for dextrose?
none in an emergency setting with the presence of hypoglycemia, severe dehydration, anuria, diabetic coma, intracranial and intraspinal hemmorhage
What is a consideration with dextrose in relation to malnourishment and alcohol abuse?
Must administer thiamine before dextrose
Can dextrose be given to stroke patients?
No, unless there is hypoglycemia
What is the adult dosage for Dextrose?
25g (IV) until max or mental status improves, can be repeated
What is the pediatric dose for Dextrose?
0.5-1g (IV or IO push) until max is given or mental status improves
What is the Generic name for GlucaGen?
Glucagon
What is the class for glucagon?
pancreatic hormone, antidote, hyperglycemic , insulin antagonist
What are the indications for Glucagon?
AMS w/hypoglycemia, antidote for bradycardia caused by beta and/or calcium channel blockers
What is the MOA for glucagon
-Breaks down stored glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) to increase blood glucose levels
-Inhibits the synthesis of glycogen from glucose (glycogenesis)
-Causes positive inotropic and chronotropic effects
-Stabilizes rhythms in beta blocker overdose
-Relaxes smooth muscles in the GI and increases secretions
Contraindications for Glucagon
pheochromocytoma (tumor on adrenal gland), adrenal insufficiency, insulinoma (tumors in your pancreas)
What is the dose of Glucagon for calcium channel or beta blocker overdose in adults?
5mg slowly, IV push
Total dose of 10mg
Can repeat every 5-10 minutes
What is the dose of Glucagon for calcium channel or beta blocker overdose in pediatrics?
1mg slowly, IV push every 5 min as necessary
What is the adult and pediatric dosage for hypoglycemia using Glucagon?
1mg IM/IN
What is the Generic name for Biamine?
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
What is the class for Thiamine?
water soluble vitamin
What is the MOA for Thiamine?
combines with adenosine triphosphate(ATP) for carbohydrate(glucose) metabolism
What is the adult dosage for Thiamine?
50-100mg, slow IV/IO bolus over 5 minutes or 100mg Deep IM
What is the pediatric dosage for Thiamine?
10-25mg- consult medical direction
What is the contraindicaiton for Thiamine?
hypersensitivity
What are the indications for Thiamine?
malnourishment or alcohol withdrawal with the administration of 50%dextrose, coma of unknown origin before giving IV dextrose
What is the primary body system affected with the use of Insulin?
Endocrine
Can insulin be used to treat hyperkalemia?
yes
What class is Insulin?
hormone, antidiabetic
What are the indicaitons for insulin?
diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperosmolar coma
What is the contraindication for insulin?
hypoglycemia, hypokalemia
What is the MOA for insulin?
Lowers blood glucose, helps glucose convert to glycogen
What is the most rapid absorption of Insulin?
IM in the belly, then arm, lastly thigh
What is the brand name for Ondansetron?
Zofran
What is the MOA For ONdansetron?
blocks serotonin in the chemoreceptors of the CNS and vagal nerve terminals
What class is Chlorpromazine?
CNS depressant, phenothiazine(anti-psychotic), antiemetic
What is the MOA for Chlorpromazine?
Dopamine antagonist, blocking dopamine associated with mood and behavior in the CNS causing CNS depression and suppressing the vomit centers
What is reaction that can happen with phenothiazines?
dystonic reactions and other extrapyramidal symptoms
What is the synthesis of glycogen from glucose?
Glycogenesis
What is the breakdown of glycogen to glucose called?
Glycogenolysis
What is the antidote for beta blocker overdose?
Glucagon
Why is Atropine given to RSI pediatrics?
When using a laryngoscope, the vagus nerve is stimulated
Where is the vomiting center located in the brain?
Medulla Oblongata
What is the antidotes for Tricyclic Antidepressants?
Acetaminophen antidote after an hour
N Acetylcysteine
