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USMLE Rapid Reviews > Pharmacology - FA Section, Cardiology > Flashcards

Pharmacology - FA Section, Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Methacholine

A

Direct Cholinergic agonist:
dx of asthma
produces bronchoconstriction via muscarinic receptors in airway

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2
Q

Neostigmine

A

Anti-cholinesterase:
Reversal of NMJ blockade (ie succinylcholine or “-curaniums”)
Treats Myasthina Gravis
Increases endogenous Ach

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3
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Anti-Cholinesterase:
Tr Myasthenia Gravis (long term)
Inc Ach

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4
Q

Edrophonium

A

Anti-cholinesterase:
Dx of myasthina gravis (short acting)
increases endogenous Ach

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5
Q

Physostigmine

A

Anti-cholinesterase:
Glaucoma (crosses BBB)
Atropine Overdose Antidote

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6
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Anti-cholinesterase:

Increase Ach in Alzheimer’s pt

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7
Q

Organophophates

A

Irreversible inhibitor of AchE:
==>Dumbells
Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscles, Lacrimation, sweeting, salivation.

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8
Q

Antidote for organophosphates

A

Atropine (treats symptoms)

Pralidoxime - dephosphorlates AchE (which was inactivated when phosphorylated by organophosphates) activating AchE

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9
Q

Benztropine

A

Muscarinic Antagonist:

Tr of Parkinson’s disease

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10
Q

Scopolamine

A

Muscarinic Antagonist:

Patch for motion sickness

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11
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic Antagonist:

Tr asthma and COPD

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12
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic Antagonist:

SE = Hot, dry mouth, flushed skin, cycloplegia, constipation, delerium

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13
Q

Epinephrine

A

a1, a2, B1, B2 - - stimulates symp.

DOC: Anaphylactic Shock

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14
Q

NE

A

a1, a2 > B1 - -Doesn’t affect heart or lungs

DOC: Septic Shock

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15
Q

Isoproterenol

A

B1=B2

Use for AV block

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16
Q

Dopamine

A

D1=D2 >B>a - - inotropic and chronotropic

May increase renal perfusion

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17
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1>B2

DOC: Heart Failure/ Cardiogenic shock

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18
Q

Metaproterenol

A

Selective B2 agonist

used for acute asthma

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19
Q

Albuterol

A

Selective B2 agonist

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20
Q

Salmeterol

A

Selective B2 agonist

Used in long term asthma treatment

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21
Q

Terbutaline

A

Selective B2 agonist

Reduces premature uterine contractions

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22
Q

Phenylephrine

A

a1>a2

Pupillary dilation, vasoconstriction, nasal decongestion (stops nose bleeds)

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23
Q

Ritodrine

A

B2 agonist

Reduces Premature Uterine Contractions

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24
Q

Amphetamine

A

Indirect Sympatheomimetic - - releases catecholamine stores

Narcolepsy, obesity, ADD

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25
Ephedrine
Indirect Sympatheomimetic - - releases catecholamine stores | Nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension
26
Cocaine
Indirect general agonist - - re-uptake inhibitor | Causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia (vasoconstric prevents drug from diffusing away).
27
Clonidine
Centrlly acting a2 agonist, decreases adronergic outflow *Rebound Hypertension if miss dose Treatment: Hypertension - especially in kidney disease b/c no dec in renal blood flow)
28
a-methyldopa
Central acting a2-agonist | DOC for prego with hypertension
29
Phnoxybenzamine
a-blocker Tr: pheochromocytoma Tox: Orthostatic hypotension / reflex tachycardia
30
Prazosin
``` a1 selective ("-zosin") Tr: Hypertension, urinary retention in BPH Tox: first dose orthostatic hypotension ```
31
mirtaxapine
a2 selective Tr: Depression Tox: sedation, inc serum cholesterol, inc appetite
32
Selective b1 blocker
"-olol" A to M
33
Antidote for: | Acetaminophen
N-acetylcysteine
34
Antidote for: Salicylates
NaHCO3 - - alkalinize urine
35
Antidote for: Amphetamine
NH4Cl (acidify urine)
36
Antidote for: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
atropine and pralidoxime (dephosphorylates AchE)
37
Antidote for: Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents
physotigmine salicylate
38
Antidote for: B-blockers / Verapamil
Glucagon or Calcium or Atropine
39
Antidote for: Digitalis
Stop dig and normalize K+, atropine/lidocaine, anti-dig Fab fragments, Mg2+
40
Antidote for: Iron
Deferoxamine
41
Antidote for: Lead
CaEDTA, dimercaperal, succimer, penicillamine
42
Antidote for: Mercury, arsenic, gold
Dimercaprol
43
Antidote for: Copper, arsenic, gold
Penicillamine
44
Antidote for: Cyanide
Nitrite, hydroocobolamine
45
Antidote for: Methyhemoglobin
Methylene blue, vitamin C
46
Antidote for: Carbon Monoxide
100% O2, hyperbaric O2
47
Antidote for: methanol, ethylene glycol
Ethanol, dialysis, fomepizole
48
Antidote for: ethenol overdose
fomepizole (inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase)
49
Antidote for: Opioids
Naloxone / naltrexone
50
Antidote for: Benzodiazepines
Flumazenil
51
Antidote for: TCA's
NaHCO3 (plasma alkalization)
52
Antidote for: Heparin
Protamine | "H in heparin like at proton (H)"
53
Antidote for: Warfarin
Vit K, Fresh Frozen Plasma (immediate treatment)
54
Antidote for: tPA, streptokinase
Aminocaproic acid
55
Antidote for: Theophylline
B-blocker
56
P-450 Inducers
Quinidine, Barbiturates, St. John's Wart, Phenytoin, Rifampin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine, Chronic Alcohol use
57
P-450 Inhibitors
HIV protease inhibitiors, Ketoconazole, Erythromycin, Grapefruit Juice, Acute alcohol use, Sulfonamides, Isoniazid, Cimetidine
58
Antihypersensive therapy for essential hypertension
Diuretics (thiazides - retain calcium), ACEI, ARBs, CCB
59
Antihypertensive Therapy for CHF
Diuretics (loops - loose Ca), ACE I / ARBs (reduce mortality), K+ sparing duretic (spironalactone)
60
Antihypertensive Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus
ACEI/ARBs (renal protective), CCB, diuretics, a-blocker
61
Hydralazine
MOA: inc cGMP = smooth muscle relaxation **dilate ARTERIOLES > VEINS** = dec afterload. DOC for hypertensive prego (with methyldopa) Tox: Lupus like, reflexive tachycardia and fluid retention.
62
Nifedipine
MOA: Dihydropyriden CCB - - smooth muscle
63
Verapamil
MOA: non-dihydropyridine CCB - - Heart ("V for ventricles". Slows down AV node and decreases contractility. Use: hypertension and Prinzmetal's angina (vasospasm), rayauds. Tox: cardiac depression and AV block
64
Diltiazem
MOA: non-dihydropyridine CCB. Slows down AV node and decreases contractility. Use: hypertension and Prinzmetal's angina (vasospasm), rayauds. Tox: cardiac depression and AV block
65
Nitroglycerine
MOA: vasodilate by releasing NO in SM = inc cGMP. Dilates VEINS >> ARTERIOLES = dec preload and O2 demand. Use: angina and pulmonary edema. Tox: Reflex tachy and "monday disease" in industrial work on re exposure.
66
Malignant Hypertension Treatment?
Nitroprusside: short acting, increase cGMP via release of NO. Tox: cyanide toxicity
67
Nimodipine
CCB that goes into CNS. | Prevents spasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (MC of death)
68
Minoxidil
dilates arterioles > veins = fluid retention in order to try and comp for dec BP
69
DOC to lower LDL
"-statins" MOA: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Inhibits cholesterol precursor, mevalonate. DECREASE LDL (bad cholesterol). Tox: Hepatotox, *don't use with fibrates b/c results in rhabdomyolysis or myositis (severe muscle pain)
70
DOC to increase HDL
Niacin MOA: inhibits LPL in adipose and reduces hepatic VLDL secretion into circulation. Tox: Flushing (due to PGE - prevented w/ asprin), Hyperuicema - exacerbates gout
71
Cholestyramine Colestipol Colesevelam
Bile acid resins. MOA: prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile slats. Can be used to bind C. diff toxins! Tox: bad taste and GI discomfort. Can cause cholesterol gallstones
72
DOC to lower Triglycerides
"-fibrates" MOA: upregulates LPL = inc TG clearance Tox: Don't mix with statins! b/c of myositis or rhabdomyolisis.
73
Digoxin
Cardiac Glycosides MOA: inhibits Na/K ATPase, indirectly inhibits Na/Ca exchange = inc intracellular Ca = inc iontropy. Use: CHF, ATRIAL FIBRILATION (b/c dec AV node conduction). Tox: Cholinergic (DUMBLES) and blurry yellow vision. Hyperkalemia, bradycardia, dec QT
74
Classes of Anti-arrhythmics
``` "No BadBoys Keep Clean" Class 1 = Na blocker Class 2 = Beta-Blocker Class 3 = K+ blocker Class 4 = Ca2+ blocker ```
75
Class 1 Anti-arrhythmias pneumonic
1A = "Police Department Questions" 1B= "The Little Man" 1C="For Pushing Ecstacy"
76
Class 1A antiarrhythmics
Procainamide, Disopyramide, Quinidine
77
Procainamide
``` 1A anti-arrhythmic MOA: Na channel blocker Tr: Wolf-pakinson White Tox: Drug SLE increases QT interval = torsades de pointes ```
78
Class 1B antiarrhytmics
Tocainide, Lidocaine, Mexiletine
79
Lidocaine
1B antiarrhythmic MOA: Na Channel Blocker - - decrease AP. Tr: Acute Ventricular Tachycardia (especially post MI)
80
Proranolol
Beta-blocker MOA: dec cAMP = dec Ca2+ current -Suppresses abnormal pace by dec slope of phase 4! (AV node particularly sensitive = inc PR interval)
81
Amioderone
Potassium Channel blocker (phase 3) MOA: increases AP and ERP. Increase QT Used: when antiarythmics fail Tox! pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, hypo/hyper thyroid (b/c amioderone is 40% iodine), blue grey skin deposits, photosensitivity. NO increased risk for torsades de points.
82
Adenosine
MOA: increases K out of cell = hyper polarization and dec Ca. DOC for dx/abolishing SVT! Effects blocked by theophylline.

USMLE Rapid Reviews (6 decks)

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