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USMLE Rapid Reviews > Pharmacology - Endocrine > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Endocrine Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Lispro

A

MOA: bind insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity).
Rapid Acting
Use: Type 1 and 2 DM
Tox: Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, weight gain.

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2
Q

Aspart

A

MOA: bind insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity).
Rapid Acting
Use: Type 1 and 2 DM
Tox: Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, weight gain.

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3
Q

Regular insulin

A

MOA: bind insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity).
Rapid Acting
Use: Type 1 and 2 DM
Tox: Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, weight gain.

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4
Q

NPH

A

MOA: bind insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity).
intermediate acting
Use: Type 1 and 2 DM
Tox: Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, weight gain.

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5
Q

Glargine

A

MOA: bind insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity).
Long Acting
Use: Type 1 and 2 DM
Tox: Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, weight gain.

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6
Q

Detemir

A

MOA: bind insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity).
Long Acting
Use: Type 1 and 2 DM
Tox: Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, weight gain.

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7
Q

Chlorpropamide

A

Sulfonylurea (1st gen)
MOA: Closes K+ channel in B-cell membrane = depolarization = triggers insulin release via increase in Ca2+ influx.
Uses: type 2 DM ONLY! useless in Type 1 DM.
Tox: disulfiram

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8
Q

Glyburide

A

Sulfonylurea (2nd gen) = insulin secretagon
MOA: Closes K+ channel in B-cell membrane = depolarization = triggers insulin release via increase in Ca2+ influx.
Uses: type 2 DM ONLY! useless in Type 1 DM.

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9
Q

Glimepiride

A

Sulfonylurea (2nd gen) = insulin secretagon
MOA: Closes K+ channel in B-cell membrane = depolarization = triggers insulin release via increase in Ca2+ influx.
Uses: type 2 DM ONLY! useless in Type 1 DM.

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10
Q

Glipizide

A

Sulfonylurea (2nd gen) = insulin secretagon
MOA: Closes K+ channel in B-cell membrane = depolarization = triggers insulin release via increase in Ca2+ influx.
Uses: type 2 DM ONLY! useless in Type 1 DM.

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11
Q

Metformin

A

Biguanides.
Mechanism unknown.
Decreases gluconeogensis! Increases glycolysis and peripheral glucose uptake.
Use: both I and II DM…doesn’t involve islet cells.
TOX: lactic acidosis!!!

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12
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Glitazone.

MOA: increase insulin sensitivity. Binds PPAR-gamma, transcription regululator (in adipose/sk muscle)

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13
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Glitazone.
MOA: increase insulin sensitivity. Binds PPAR-gamma, transcription regululator (in adipose/sk muscle).
Tox: Cardiovascular (increase risk for MI)

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14
Q

Acarbose

A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.
MOA: Inhibits intestinal brush border a-glucosidase.
Decreases postprandial hyperglycemia!!

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15
Q

Miglitol

A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.
MOA: Inhibits intestinal brush border a-glucosidase.
Decreases postprandial hyperglycemia!!

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16
Q

Pramlintide

A 
Mimetic - - amyline
Decrease glucagon and gastric emptying.
Must decrease insulin dose by 50%.
Type 2 DM
Tox: nausea and diarrhea
17
Q

Exenatide

A

GLP-1
Increase insulin and decrease glucagon release.
Type 2 DM
Tox: nausea and diarrhea

18
Q

“-gliptin”

A

Decrease breakdown of GLP1 by inhibiting DDP-4.

19
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

MOA: Inhibits organification of iodine and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis.
*Propylthiouracil also DECreases conversion of T4 to T3.
Use: Hyperthyroidism.
Tox: agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia!
Safe in prego.

20
Q

Methimazole

A

MOA: Inhibits organification of iodine and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis.
*Propylthiouracil also DECreases conversion of T4 to T3.
Use: Hyperthyroidism.
Tox: agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia! Metallic taste.

21
Q

Levothyroxine

A

T4 - - Thyroxine replacement
Use: Hypothyroidism, myxedema
Tox: tackycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrythmias.

22
Q

Triiodothyrine

A

T3 - - Thyroxine replacement
Use: Hypothyroidism, myxedema
Tox: tackycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrythmias.

23
Q

GH

A

Clinical Use:
GH deficinecy
Turner Syndrome

24
Q

Octreotide

A

Somatostatin Analog

Uses: Acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma

25
Q

Oxytocin

A

Uses:

Stimulates labor, uterine contractions, milk let down; controls uterine hemorrhage.

26
Q

Desmopressin

A

ADH agonist

Use: central Diabetes Insipidus

27
Q

Demclocyclin

A

ADH antagonist (member of the tetracycline family).
Use: SIADH
Tox: Nephrogenic DI

28
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

MOA: Decrease the production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expression of COX-2.
Use: addison’s disease, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma.
Tox: Iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome - buffalo hump, moon fascies, thin skin, diabetes.
Adrenal insufficiency when drug suddenly stopped.

USMLE Rapid Reviews (6 decks)

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