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USMLE Rapid Reviews > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcers associated with CNS injury

A

cushing’s ulcer (inc ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretions)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcers associated with severe burns

A

curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in a sloughing of gastric mucous)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions = crohn’s disease

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5
Q

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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8
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernike’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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9
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

sickle cell anemia (HbS)

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10
Q

Bacteria associated with gastric, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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11
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborn and kids)

A

newborns - group B strep

kids - S. pneumonia/Neisseria meningitidis

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13
Q

Benign melanocytic nevus

A

spitz nevus

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14
Q

Bleeding dissorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor)

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15
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

supratentorial: mets>astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiform) > meninginoma >schwannoma

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16
Q

brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

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17
Q

Breast cancer

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1 in 9 women develop)

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18
Q

Breast Mass

A
  1. Fibrocystic change

2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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19
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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20
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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21
Q

cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

libman-sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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22
Q

cardiac tumors (adults)

A
  1. metastasis

2. Primary myxoma (“ball and valve” 4:1 right to left atrium)

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23
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus and syringomyelia)

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24
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

Atrial Fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

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25
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (an also cause pernicious anemia)

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26
Q

Clear cel adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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27
Q

Compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly men and women)

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28
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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29
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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30
Q

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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31
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)

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32
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

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33
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

34
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A
  1. Corticosteroid therapy
  2. Excessive ACTH secretion by pituitary
  3. Small cell lung carcinoma
35
Q

Cyanosis (early - less common)

A

Tetralogy of fallot, transpositon of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

36
Q

cyanosis (late; more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

37
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

38
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus Nephropathy

39
Q

Dementia

A
  1. Alzheimer’s

2. Multiple infarcts

40
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

multiple sclerosis

41
Q

DIC

A

Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complicaitons, cancer, burn trauma

42
Q

dietary deficit

A

iron

43
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

zenker’s diverticulum (dx by barium swallow)

44
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

45
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell (world wide) ; adenocarcinoma (US)

46
Q

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

s. aureus ; b. cereus

47
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger’s disease

48
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (MC US) cervical carcinoma (MC World Wide)

49
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

mitral valve prolapse

50
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral (rhumatic fever), tircuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)

51
Q

Helmenth infection (US

A
  1. Enterobius vermicularis

2. Ascaris lumbricoides

52
Q

Hematoma - epidural

A

rupture of MMA (trauma; lentiform shaped)

53
Q

Hematoma - subdural

A

rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

54
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple bood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, bronze diagetes, and increase risk for hepatocellular carcinoma)

55
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C)

56
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand’s disease

57
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert’s syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

58
Q

HLA B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis
Reiter’s syndrome
Ulcerative colitis
Psoriasis

59
Q

HLA DR3 of DR4

A

Diabetes Mellitus type I
Rheumatoid Arthritis
SLE

60
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

61
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

virchow’s triad (results in venous thrombosis)

62
Q

Hypertenison, 2ndary

A

renal disease

63
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thyroidectomy

64
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

65
Q

Infection 2ndary to blood transfusion

A

Hep C

66
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

Staph aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus

67
Q

Kidney Stones

A
  1. Calcium = radiopaque
  2. Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organism such as Proteus vulgaris or staphylococcus)
  3. Uric acid = radiolucent
68
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L-R becomes R-L)

A

Eisenmenger’s syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

69
Q

Liver Disease

A

Alcoholic Cirrhosis

70
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher’s Disease

71
Q

Male Cancer

A

Prostatic carcinoma

72
Q

Malignancy assocaiated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

73
Q

Malignant skin tumor

A

Basal cell carcinoma (rarely mets)

74
Q

Mental Retardation

A
  1. Downs

2. Fragile X

75
Q

Metasteses to bone

A

breast, lung, thyroid, testes, porstate, kidney

76
Q

Mets to brain

A

Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (RCC), GI

77
Q

Mets to liver

A

Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinoma

78
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through female only

79
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

80
Q

Mixed UMN and LMN diesease

A

ALS

81
Q

Myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

USMLE Rapid Reviews (6 decks)

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