Pharmacology Chapters 1 & 2

Question 1

What are the three ways to prescribe drugs?

Answer 1

1) Electronic order entry (CHCS)
2) DD 1289
3) NAVMED 6710/6

Question 2

What form is used for a poly prescription?

Answer 2

NAVMED 6710/6

Question 3

What form is used for a DOD prescription?

Answer 3

DD 1289

Question 4

Prescriptions must be written in?

Answer 4

Ink, indelible pencil, or typewritten

Question 5

Prescriptions must include what?

Answer 5

1. Name and SSN
2. Date prescription written
3. Patient’s age/date of birth
4. Generic name of drug, form, dose
5. Directions for the patient
6. Legible signature of the provider
7. Refill authorization

Question 6

If IDC’s do not use a DD 1289 how would they document?

Answer 6

Proper SOAP note. Including drug administered, quantity, and directions.

Question 7

What are the general principles of pharmacology?

Answer 7

1) Factors that affect the actions of drugs
2) Factors that affect drug reactions
3) Various types of drug interactions
4) Factors influencing drug response interactions

Question 8

Activities of the drug after it enters the body. The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Answer 8

Pharmacokinetic

Question 9

What is a fundamental concept in pharmacokinetics?

Answer 9

Drug Clearance

Question 10

Carrier molecule such as a protein or enzyme actively moves the drug across the membrane

Answer 10

Active Absorption

Question 11

Diffuse across a membrane from area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 11

Passive Absorption

Question 12

Cells engulf the drug particle across the cell membrane (Pac-Man)

Answer 12

Pinocytosis

Question 13

The percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation

Answer 13

Bioavailability

Question 14

What factors affect bioavailability?

Answer 14

1. Drug Form
2. Route of administration
3. Liver metabolism (dysfunction)
4. GI mucosa and motility
5. Food and drugs
6. Solubility (fat soluble are absorbed faster)

Question 15

Movement of a drug throughout the body typically on proteins (albumin)

Answer 15

Distribution

Question 16

Chemical reaction with liver converts drug to inactive compound

Answer 16

Metabolism

Question 17

Elimination of drugs from the body

Answer 17

Excretion

Question 18

Time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug

Answer 18

Half-life

Question 19

Drug’s actions and effects within the body

Answer 19

Pharmacodynamic

Question 20

A compulsive need to use a substance repeatedly to avoid mild to severe withdrawal symptoms

Answer 20

Physical dependence

Question 21

A compulsion to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience

Answer 21

Psychological dependence

Question 22

Genetically determined abnormal response to normal doses of drugs

Answer 22

Pharmacogenetic disorder

Question 23

A specialized macromolecule that binds to the drug molecule, altering the function of the cell and producing the therapeutic response

Answer 23

Receptor

Question 24

A drug that alters cellular function can increase or decrease the physiologic functions of the cell

Answer 24

Alterations in Cellular Environment

Question 25

Drug that binds with a receptor to produce the therapeutic response

Answer 25

Agonist

Question 26

Drug binds to receptor stronger than the agonist thus producing no pharmacologic effect

Answer 26

Antagonist

Question 27

Undesirable drug effects

Answer 27

Adverse Reaction

Question 28

A drug reaction that occurs because the individual's immune system views the drug as a foreign substance

Answer 28

Allergic Reaction

Question 29

Any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug that a patient can have, that does not occur in the vast majority of patients taking the same drug

Answer 29

Drug idiosyncrasy

Question 30

A decreased response to a drug, requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect

Answer 30

Drug tolerance

Question 31

A drug effect that occurs when the body has not fully metabolized a dose of a drug before the next dose is given

Answer 31

Cumulative drug effect

Question 32

A harmful drug effect if it is delivered in high dose or when blood concentration levels exceed therapeutic level

Answer 32

Toxic

Question 33

Inherited traits that cause abnormal metabolism of the drug

Answer 33

Pharmacogenetics Reactions

Question 34

The dissolution of a drug. Usually applying to the breakdown of tablets

Answer 34

Pharmaceutic Phase

Question 35

When one drug interacts with or interferes with the action of another drug

Answer 35

Drug interactions

Question 36

A reaction that occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone

Answer 36

Additive drug reaction

Question 37

A drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions

Answer 37

Synergism

Question 38

When one drug interferes with the action of another, causing neutralization or a decrease in the effect of one drug

Answer 38

Antagonist Drug Reaction

Question 39

Drug given orally, food may impair or enhance its absorption

Answer 39

Drug-Food Interactions

Question 40

What are the factors that influence drug responses?

Answer 40

1. Age 2. Weight 3. Gender 4. Disease 5. Route of administration 6. Drug use and pregnancy

Question 41

Oral medications can also be administered how?

Answer 41

1) Nasogastric Tube 2) Buccal route 3) Sublingual

Question 42

What are the different parenteral routes?

Answer 42

1) Subcutaneous 2) Intramuscular 3) Intravenous 4) Intradermal

Question 43

This drug administration method maintains a relatively constant blood concentration and reduces the possibility of toxicity

Answer 43

Transdermal

Question 44

The drugs administration method have a primary local effect on the lungs

Answer 44

Inhalation