Antibiotics

Question 1

Effectiveness of antibiotics depends on what factors?

Answer 1

1. Location of infection
2. Ability of the antibiotic to reach the infection
3. Ability of the bacteria to resist or inactivate the antibiotic

Question 2

Bacteriostatic. Once the bacteria multiplication is slowed the body’s immune system is able to rid of the bacteria.

Answer 2

Sulfonamides

Question 3

Used to treat UTI’s caused by E coli, Staph aureus, MRSA, Klebsiella Enterobacter

Answer 3

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Sulfonamides)

Question 4

Adverse reactions include hematologic changes such as decreased white blood cells, platelets, & red blood cells.

Photosensitivity, burn easier in the sun, anorexia, and Steven Johnson syndrome

Use with caution in G6PD patients; may cause hemolysis

Answer 4

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Sulfonamides)

Question 5

Prevent bacteria from using a substance that is necessary for the maintenance of the bacteria’s outer wall

Answer 5

Penicillins

Question 6

Adverse reactions include sore tongue and mouth

Answer 6

Pencillins

Question 7

What can be used in the treatment of anthrax, septicemia, meningitis, intra-abdominal infections, gonorrhea, syphilis, pneumonia, cellulitis, strep

Answer 7

Penicillins

Question 8

Amoxicillin is used in the treatment of what?

Answer 8

Otitis media & Acute sinusitis

Question 9

Why are cephalosporines divided into first and later generations?

Answer 9

To show an increase in coverage of gram-negative microorganisms

Question 10

Used on infections caused by streptococci, staphylococci, Citrobacter, gonococci, shigella, and clostridia?

Answer 10

Cephalosporines

Question 11

All cephalosporins start with what?

Answer 11

Cef-/Ceph-

Question 12

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, which is a process necessary for reproduction

Answer 12

Tetracyclines

Question 13

Examples of tetracyclines include:

Answer 13

Doxy-cycline
Tetra-cycline
Mino-cycline

Question 14

What can cause GI disturbances, photosensitivity, and is not given to children under the age of 9 because it can cause permanent discoloration of teeth?

Answer 14

Tetracyclines

Question 15

Tetracyclines are what type of pregnancy class?

Answer 15

Class D

Question 16

Used in the treatment of Acne vulgaris, Rickettsia and malaria

Answer 16

Tetracyclines

Question 17

Used in the treatment for chlamydia trachomatous

Answer 17

Doxycycline

Question 18

Bind to the cell membrane and cause changes in protein synthesis

Answer 18

Macrolides

Question 19

First line of therapy for chlamydia

Answer 19

Azithromycin

Question 20

An alternate to treat otitis media when amoxicillin is not used

Answer 20

Macrolides

Question 21

Treatment of skin infections, pneumonia, H. Plyori, alternate for strep throat instead of PCNs

Answer 21

Macrolides

Question 22

When would you not prescribe macrolides?

Answer 22

Preexisting liver disease

Question 23

Examples of macrolides end in what?

Answer 23

-THROMYCIN

Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Telithromycin

Question 24

Bactericidal by interfering with their DNA and prevents cell reproduction, leading to death

Answer 24

Fluoroquinolones

Question 25

Serious and disabling adverse reactions, including tendinitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects

Answer 25

Fluoroquinolones: (FLOXACIN) Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin

Question 26

Do not use on children younger than 18, pregnancy class C, history of seizures, history of heart arrhythmias

Answer 26

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin (fluoroquinolones)

Question 27

Bactericidal. Disrupt the functional ability of the bacterial cell membrane, causing death.

Answer 27

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin - Neomycin

Question 28

Primarily used in a hospital setting for gram neg, bacterial meningitis, intra abdominal infection, complicated UTI's

Answer 28

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin - Neomycin

Question 29

Adverse reactions include Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, and Neurotoxicity

Answer 29

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin - Neomycin

Question 30

Contraindications include patients requiring long term therapy, pre-existing hearing loss and during lactation (Class D)

Answer 30

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin - Neomycin

Question 31

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to several of the penicillin binding proteins which in turn inhibit the final step in cell wall synthesis

Answer 31

Carbapenems (-PENEM) - Imipenem - Meropenem - Ertapenem

Question 32

Used in severe infections with drug resistant organisms, hospital acquired pneumonia, meningitis, intra-abdominal infections, prosthetic joint infection, necrotizing soft tissue infections, pyelonephritis

Answer 32

Carbapenems (-PENEM) - Imipenem - Meropenem - Ertapenem

Question 33

Adverse effects include HA, skin rash, nausea, diarrhea, anemia, seizure, renal failure, or C. Difficile

Answer 33

Carbapenems (-PENEM) - Imipenem - Meropenem - Ertapenem

Question 34

Contraindications include Seizure disorder, Steven-Johnson syndrome, and renal impairment

Answer 34

Carbapenems (-PENEM) - Imipenem - Meropenem - Ertapenem

Question 35

Inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death in susceptible organisms

Answer 35

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole (-razole/-dazole) - Metronidazole - Tinidazole - Nimorazole - Dimetridazole

Question 36

Used on anaerobic bacterial infections, gynecological, Intra-abdominal infections (Peritonitis, adjunct diverticulitis, intra-abdominal abscess), skin and skin structure infections (Clostridium spp.), Antiprotozoal therapies (Amebiasis, Giardiasis)

Answer 36

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole (-daZOLE/-raZOLE) - Metronidazole - Tinidazole - Nimorazole - Dimetridazole

Question 37

Adverse reactions include headache (18%), nausea (10-12%), Vaginitis (15%), and metallic taste (9%)

Answer 37

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole (-razole/-dazole) - Metronidazole - Tinidazole - Nimorazole - Dimetridazole

Question 38

Contraindications include first trimester patients with trichomoniasis, used disulfiram within the past 2 weeks, Use of alcohol (includes 3 days after therapy discontinuation)

Answer 38

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, and Nitroimidazole (-raZOLE/-daZOLE) - Metronidazole - Tinidazole - Nimorazole - Dimetridazole

Question 39

Disrupts protein synthesis and causes changes in the cell wall surface, which decrease adherence of bacteria to host cells and increases intracellular killing of organisms Exerts an extended post-antibiotic effect against some strain of bacteria Considered a bacteriostatic but bactericidal against some strains of staphylococci, streptococci, anaerobes such as Bacteroides fragilis

Answer 39

Lincosamides - Clindamycin - Lincomycin

Question 40

Used on MRSA, purulent cellulitis, peritonsillar abscess toxic shock syndrome

Answer 40

Lincosamides - Clindamycin - Lincomycin

Question 41

Used on pharyngitis, odontogenic infections, rhinosinusitis when patients are allergic to PCN

Answer 41

Lincosamides - Clindamycin - Lincomycin

Question 42

What would you use on a human or animal bite wound?

Answer 42

Lincosamides - Clindamycin - Lincomycin

Question 43

Adverse reactions include abd pain, antibiotic-associated colitis, C Diff, esophageal ulcer, esophagitis, unpleasant taste (IV), vomiting. HTN (IV) & Thrombophlebitis (IV). Metallic taste with IV use.

Answer 43

Lincosamides - Clindamycin - Lincomycin