Pharmacology / basic Neuroscience

Question 1

Mechanism of Action:

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibistors

Furosemide

Answer 1

1. Carbonic anhydrase generates H⁺ and HCO₃

Furosdemide

1. Blocking this prevencs Cl^- influx at BBB
2. Less Cl^- means less CSF production

Furosimide

1. Blocks Cl^- cotransporter, also reducing CSF production

Question 2

CSF glucose ranges

Glucose

Protein

RBC

WBC

Answer 2

Question 3

Name the function of each protein:

• SNARE
• transporter-selective-vescicular protein ATPases
• Synapsin
• Synaptotagmin

Answer 3

• SNARE = Docking of vescicles at presynaptic terminal
• Transporter-selective-vesicular protein ATPases: Storage of neurotransmitter
• Synapsin: fasicilateds vesicle mobilization
• Synaptotagamin: exocytosis of vescicle

Question 4

Patient presents with salivation, larimation, urination, diarrhea, and emesis. What drugs would you suspect if the patient also had:

Parkinson’s disease?
Depression (3)
Schizophrenia (3)

Question 5

Patient found to have SIADH. What drug’s would you expect could cause this if patient also had:

Depression (2)
Seizures (1)
schizophrenia (1)
Cancer(2)

Answer 5

• Depression:
  
  • TCA’s
  • SSRI’s (up to 12%)
• Seizures
  
  • Carbamazepine
• Antipsychotics
  
  • Thioridazine
• Cancer
  
  • Vincristine
  • Cyclophosphamide

Question 6

Mother of child is asking which medications She should not take while breast feeding:

• L1 (safest) (1)
• L2 (5)
• L3 (5)
• L4 (1)
• L5 (3)

Answer 6

• L1 (safest)
  
  • acetaminophen
• L2
  
  • SSRI’s
  • Haloperidol
  • carbamazepine
  • valproate
• L3
  
  • Aspirin
  • Buproprion
  • lamotrigine
  • lorazepam
  • risperidone
• L4
  
  • Lithium
• L5
  
  • Doxepin
  • cocaine
  • heroin

Question 7

What neurons release acetylcholine?

Answer 7

Preganglionic sympathetic AND parasympathetic

Postganglionic parasympathetic

(postganglionic sympathetic release epinepherine)

Question 8

Patient with CKD admitted for hip fracture develops excessive sedation, respiratory depression, vomiting, and increased myoclonus

What medication could be causing this?

Answer 8

Morphine (metabolites renally excreted), switch to another agent.