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Peds neuro boards, V2 > Neurologic complications of systemic Diseases > Flashcards

Neurologic complications of systemic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Neurologic complications of Hypothyroidism

  1. “brain” (2)
  2. “neuropsych” (2)
  3. Neuromuscular (4)
A
  1. “brain”
    1. Cerebellar ataxia
    2. Sensorineuronal hearing loss (neonatal)
  2. Neuropsych
    1. Cognitive dysfunction (impaired memory / concentration)
    2. Social withdrawl, depressed mood, abulia
  3. Neuromuscular
    1. peripheral neuropathy (primarily distal)
    2. Delayed relaxation of reflexes
    3. myopathy
    4. Carpal tunnel syndrome
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2
Q

What is this associated with?

A

odular leptomeningeal enhancement (chronic meningitis)

Developing world = most commonly tuberculosis
developed world = Sarcoidosisg

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3
Q

Patient with HIV develops neuropathy

What type of neuropathy is this most likely?

A

Distal symmetric axonal polyneuropathy

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4
Q

Most common side effects of neurosyphillis

A

Episodic psychotic changes (69-74%)

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5
Q

Complications from chronic kidney disease

(4)

A

Stroke

  • Risk of stroke increases by 7% for every 10 mm/min drop in GFR

Neuropathy

  • 70% of pre-dialysis patients have neuropathy

CNS

  • chronic progressive dementia (dialysis dementia)
    • Initially more common due to Aluminum exposure
    • Less so now (aluminum removed), though up to 11% increase in prealence for every 10 mm/min drop in GFR

Autonomic

  • roughly half of patients on dialysis experience kidney dysfunction
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6
Q

In dehydrated patients, over what period of time should you rehydrate patients?

A

oral rehyrdation over 3-4 hours

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7
Q

Electrolyte abnormalities associated with

Vomiting, Laxatives, + Diuretics

For each:
Na:
K:
Cl:
HCO3:
pH:

A
  • Na
    • Vomiting: increased
    • laxatives: either Inreased or normal
    • Diuretics: Decreased
  • K
    • Decreased for all
  • Cl
    • Vomiting: Decreased
    • laxatives: either Increased or Decreased
    • Diuretics: Decreased
  • HCO3 / pH
    • Vomiting: increased
    • Laxatives: either increased or decreased
    • Diuretics: increased
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8
Q

Patient undergoing treatment for tuberculosis presents with painful neuropathy.

What medication was he taking?
what kind of neuropathy is it?
How could this have been (possibly) prevented?

A

Isoniazid

Predominately sensory polyneuropathy

Supplementation of B6

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9
Q

Symptoms associated with Congenital hypothyroidism (7).

A

Congenital: “Henry Font is a limp, yeller, big mouthed, puffy faced, constipated kid”

  1. Umbilical hernia
  2. Large fontanelle
  3. Hypotonia
  4. prolonged jaundice
  5. Magrogrlossia
  6. Puffy face
  7. consitpation
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10
Q

Symptomatic treatment for hyperthyroidism

(5)

A
  1. Hydration
  2. cooling
  3. beta blockers
  4. steroids
  5. (occaisonally) plasmapheresis
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11
Q

Differential diagnosis of pituitary mass

A

SA2T2C3H3M2O

  1. Sarcoid
  2. aneurysm / adenoma
  3. Teratoma, TB
  4. Craniopharyngioma, cleft cyst (rathke), chordoma
  5. Hypothalamic glioma, hypothalamic hamartoma, histiocytosis
  6. Meningioma, mets
  7. Optic nerve glioma
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Peds neuro boards, V2 (29 decks)

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