Pharmacology - Antivirals

Question 1

Amantadine:

• Type of drug?
• M of A?
• Absorption? Accumulation?
• Excretion?
• Spectrum?
• Adverse reactions?

Answer 1

• antiviral
• M2 channel blockers
• Good po; Lungs
• Renal
• Influenza A (but resistance is emerging)
• GI, insomnia, headache

Question 2

Rimantidine:

• Type of drug?
• M of A?
• Absorption? Accumulation?
• Excretion?
• Spectrum?
• Adverse reactions?

Answer 2

• antiviral
• M2 channel blockers
• Good po; Lungs
• Hepatic
• Influenza A (but resistance is emerging)
• GI, insomnia, headache (less CNS effects)

Question 3

Oseltamivir:

• Type of drug?
• M of A?
• Absorption? Accumulation?
• Excretion?
• Spectrum?
• Adverse reactions?

Answer 3

• antiviral
• neuraminidase inhibitors (decrease budding)
• oral prodrug
• Renal
• Influenza A, B, C
• nausea, vomiting

Question 4

Zanamivir:

• Type of drug?
• M of A?
• Absorption? Accumulation?
• Excretion?
• Spectrum?
• Adverse reactions?

Answer 4

• antiviral
• neuraminidase inhibitors (decrease budding)
• inhalation
• Renal
• Influenza A, B, C
• bronchospasm

Question 5

Acyclovir:

• Type of drug?
• M of A?
• Absorption? Accumulation?
• Excretion?
• Spectrum?
• Adverse reactions?

Answer 5

• antiviral
• phosphorylated by viral thymidine; inhibits viral DNA polymerase
• topical, oral, IV
• Renal
• HSV1-2 low doses (mucosal, genital, encephalitis); Varicella-zoster higher doses
• minor; headache, renal

Question 6

Valacyclovir:

• Type of drug?
• M of A?
• Absorption? Accumulation?
• Excretion?
• Spectrum?
• Adverse reactions?

Answer 6

• antiviral
• phosphorylated by viral thymidine; inhibits viral DNA polymerase
• topical, oral, IV; 80% prodrug
• Renal
• HSV1-2 low doses (mucosal, genital, encephalitis); Varicella-zoster higher doses
• minor; headache, renal

Question 7

Pencyclovir:

• Type of drug?
• M of A?
• Absorption? Accumulation?
• Excretion?
• Spectrum?
• Adverse reactions?

Answer 7

• antiviral
• phosphorylated by viral thymidine; inhibits viral DNA polymerase
• topical only
• Renal
• HSV1-2 low doses (mucosal, genital, encephalitis); Varicella-zoster higher doses
• minor; headache, renal

Question 8

Famcyclovir:

• Type of drug?
• M of A?
• Absorption? Accumulation?
• Excretion?
• Spectrum?
• Adverse reactions?

Answer 8

• antiviral
• phosphorylated by viral thymidine; inhibits viral DNA polymerase
• topical, oral, IV; 80% prodrug
• Renal
• HSV1-2 low doses (mucosal, genital, encephalitis); Varicella-zoster higher doses
• minor; headache, renal

Question 9

Cidofovir:

• Type of drug?
• M of A?
• Absorption? Accumulation?
• Excretion?
• Spectrum?
• Adverse reactions?

Answer 9

• antiviral
• nucleotide analog; phosphorylated to active by host kinases; inhibits viral DNA polymerase
• IV weekly; long half life
• Renal
• DNA viruses; CMV
• nephrotoxicity; rash in HIV

Question 10

Foscarnet:

• Type of drug?
• M of A?
• Absorption? Accumulation?
• Excretion?
• Spectrum?
• Adverse reactions?

Answer 10

• antiviral
• pyrophosphate analog; no activation step; inhibits viral DNA/RNA polymerase
• Continuous infusion
• Renal
• CMV, resistant herpes, HIV
• Renal impairment; severe electrolyte imbalance, hypocalcemia

Question 11

Docosonol:

• Type of drug?
• M of A?
• Absorption? Accumulation?
• Excretion?
• Spectrum?
• Adverse reactions?

Answer 11

• antiviral (OTC)
• Inhibits fusion b/n plasma membrane and HSV envelope
• Topical
• HSV1 (labialis)
• None