Common Viruses

Question 1

• Virus def? Symptomatic? Causes?
• Infection?
• Disease?
• 4 ways to diagnose? What may be too sensitive? Why?
• Common respiratory viruses? (4)
• Common diarrhea viruses? (5)
• Herpes virus: Infects who? What happens after primary infection? Once infected? Reactivation causes disease? Type of genetic info? Treatment?

Answer 1

• small infectious agent that replicates in cells of living things; maybe; vary
• Enters cell and replicates
• Infection causes symptoms
• Culture, antigen based assay (immuno assay); PCR (may be too sensitive); serology to detect Ab
• RSV, flu, adenovirus, rhinovirus
• rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus (cruise ship), calcivirus, astrovirus
• most animals, virus lays dormant, always infected, may cause disease (or not); dsDNA; Acyclovir

Question 2

1. ) HHV1/HSV1/ HSV2: Vessicles filled with? Where? Incubation period? Transmitted via? Primary infection symptoms?
   - HSV1: 2 types of primary infections? Ex?
   - HSV2 primary infection? Lasts how long? Unlike?
   - Herpes keratalis? Reaches via?
   - Encaphalitis?
   - Neonatal HSV?
   - Latency: Where? Reactivation caused by? Common causes of reactivation? (4) Majority of infections caused by?
   - Diagnosis? (3)
   - Prevention? Vaccine?

Answer 2

• Fluid; oralfacial; 2-12 days; shedding –> mucusal surfaces; usually rare
• 1.) Herpetic Whitlow = mothers kisses/ oral secretion 2.) gladitorium = passed by sports
• more severe (genitals); 10-14 days; painful unlike syphalis
• Infection of eye; ophthalmic of trigem
• Primary or secondary rxn
• Neonatal - skin, eyes, CNS
• Ganglia of nerves (orofacial or sacral); sun, stress, immuno def., menstration; asymptomatic reactivation of carriers
• physicial, tzank smear, PCR
• hand hygeine; none

Question 3

3. ) HHV3 / VZV: 2 syndromes? Different virus? Contagious? Prevention? Transmission? Incubation? Starts with? Moves to? PAthogenesis? (4); Complications? (4) Treatment? Doses? Treatment for immunocompromised?
   - Unique reactivation how? LAtent where? Reactivates with what presentation? Complications? (2) Diagnosis? (3)

Answer 3

• Varicaella (chicken pox); shingles (zoster); no; very; vaccine; resp. droplets or lesion contact; 10-21 days; fever; rash; resp. tract –> lymph system –> liver/spleen –> viremia of skin; 2ndary infections (strep., nec. fascitis; pneumonia, enceph.); vaccine; 1 year and 4 year; VZIG
• No asymptomatic reactivations; dorsal root ganglia; dermatomal rash; plasies and pain; physical, IFA, PCR

Question 4

4. ) HHV EBV: Most have been effected by when? Primary infection? (2) Incubation? Transmission? Signs? (resolve by?) Infects what? Diagnosis? Atypical lymphocytes? Monospot heterophile? EBV serology tells you what? Vaccine? Associated with what cancers? (3) Treatment? (2)
5. ) HHV5/CMV: Contact with infected fluids leads to infection where? (2) Primary infection symptoms? Incubation? Lays latent where? (2) Most common in utero infection: leads to? (3); 4 possible serologies? Tissue appreance? Vaccines?

Answer 4

4. ) age 40; asymptomatic or mononuleoisis (40-50%); 4-6 weeks; saliva; exudative tonsilitis (4-8 weeks); nasopharyngeal epi; clinical; yes large baso cyto; Ab that agglutinates foreign RBC’s; IgM = recent; IgG = prior; no; Burkits, Hodgkins, nasopahr.; supportive/steroids with bad airway
5. ) epi of salivary glands/ genital tract; none usually; 2 weeks - 2 months; mono/lymphocytes; low birth weight, microcephaly, blueberry muffin rash, looking at combos of IgG/IgM; owl eye; none

Question 5

6. ) RSV: Genetic material? 2 proteins? Roles? Primary infection? (2) Lasts? Spread via? Incubation period? Most common cause of? Asymptomatic? Who is high risk? Diagnosis? Treatment? (2)
7. ) Rotavirus: Symptoms? (3) Genetic info? Has several what? Vaccine? Transmission? Potency? Incubation period? Infect what cells? Where? Takes away? How long to heal? 2 types of vaccines?

Answer 5

• enveloped with ssRNA; G for viral attachment; F for fusion to neighboring cells; bronchiolitis and upper respiratory; 7-21 days; aerosol droplets; 5 days; viral penumonia; rarely; premi babies; serology; suportive or albuterol
• Diarrhea, ab pain, vomit; dsRNA with segmented genome; serotypes (strains); yes; enterocytes; proximal 2/3 Illeum; microvilli; 7-10 days; 1.) 2 dose monovalent human 2.) 3 dose pentavalent Bovine-Human

Question 6

Influenza: Deaths age range? Illness rates high in? Peaks?

• Genus? Infection type? Struc? (4)
• 3 types? Severity? Change form? Effects? Epi/pan?
• Antigenic drift? New subtype?
• Antigenic shift? Which type? New subtype? Can cause? Ex? (2)
• Patho? (4)
• Symptoms neonates? Infants? Kids?
• Transmission? Incubation?

Answer 6

• > 65 and young; school kids; Jan/Feb
• orthmyxoviridae; respiratory; 1.) HA protein (hemagluttin) =cell entry 2.) NA (neuraminidase) = cell escape 3.) M1/M2 prot. 4.) nucleo/polymerase
• A: severe; rapid; all animals; epi/pan
• B: less; more uniform; humans; epi
• C: Mild/ asymptomatic; human
• Small mutations; same subtype
• species reassortment; A only; yes; pandemic; H1N1; spanish flu
• upper resp, nasophar, trach, lower resp.
• high fever; GI fever; high fever cough
• particle aerosols; 2-5 days

Question 7

Influenza: 1.) swine flu: Reassorts where? then infects? Most recent? Affected who? Particularly high risk? Preferentially infects where? Called?

2. ) Bird Flu: What type? Who is usually assymptomatic? Current outbreak? Spread to humans? Is it just one flu virus?
   - Subtypes of Type B?
   - 3 requirements of a pandemic?
   - 2 types of vaccines? Ages? Who can use it? Made every year guessing? Effectiveness?

Answer 7

• Pigs; humans; 2009 H1N1; young > old; pregnant women; lower resp tract –> FLAARDS
• Type A; wild birds; rarely; no, many mutations
• None; either vicotria or yamagata
  1. ) Emergence of new subtype
  2. ) Infect humans and cause illness
  3. ) Sustained transmission and spread easily
  1. ) IIV (inactivated); Intradermal; trivalent; anyone > 6 months
  2. ) Live attenuated (tri/quad); 2-49; not immunocomp or pregnant; intanasal
• Strains; 50-70%