Pharmacology -- Antimicrobials Flashcards
Primaquine
Malaria prophylaxis
Used for extraerythrocytic forms Plasmodium vivax or P. ovale
Ciprofloxacin
Quinolone derivative
Both gam + and - coverage
Disrupts DNA gyrases: topo II and IV.
Tetracyclines, anuria and “the exception”
Tetracyclines contraindicated in anuric pt. due to production of (-)Nitrogen balance and Inc BUN levels.
Doxycycline is the exception
Ceftriaxone
3rd gen cephalosporin
DOC for bacterial meningitis in kids (e.g. HiB)
one dose tx for gonorrhea
Hepatic coma DOC
Neomycin (aminoglycoside)– supresses normal flora= Dec NH4 prod.= Dec free nitrogen levels in blood stream
Clavulanic acid
Irreversible inhibitor of Beta-lactamases, but not transpeptidase
combined w beta-lac sensitive penicillins
usually amoxacillin (Augmentin) or ticercillin (Timentin)
Piperacillin
Tx: Pseudomonas & Klebsiella
Broad spec Abx, ureidopenicillin
usually combined w/ tazobactam
Streptomycin
Tx: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
-aminoglycoside – protein synth inhib by bind to 30 s subunit
Isoniazid
Most commonly used drug for TB
Usually combined w Rifampin and/or Ethambutol
Pre-tx w pyridoxine (Vit B6) can prevent peripheral neuritis
Pyrantel Pamoate
Tx: Hookworm
Depolarizing NMJ inhibitor–causing sudden contraction, followed by paralysis, of helminths. worm to “lose its grip” on intestine
Buy “AT” 30, “CELL” at 50
A=aminoglycosides T=tetracyclines 30= 30S ribosomal subunit C=chloramphenicol E= Erythromycin (macrolide) L= clindamycin L= lincomycin 50=50S subunit
Cefotoxin
Tx: intraabdominal infections (e.g. w Bacteroides fragilis)
Tradition tx has ben clindamycin & gentamycin
Chloramphenicol
Broad spec Abx
Bone marrow suppression (common)- aplastic anemia (rare)
Gray baby syndrome (choram. can’t be conjugated)
DOC Typhoid fever (symptomatic salmonella infect.)
DOC HiB meningitis in kids– esp. strain resistant to ampicillin
Nifurtimox
Tx: trypanosomiasis
an antiparasitic
Metronidazole
Tx: Leishmaniasis & Amebiasis
God for anaerobic bacteria e.g. B. fragilis, C. Diff
DOC Trichomoniasis
DOC Giardia lambia
Txt P. Carinii
TMP-SMX & Pentamidine