Hallmark Findings Flashcards
Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation
Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)
Antiplatelet antibodies
ideopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Arachnodactyly
Marfan’s
Aschoff Bodies
Rheumatic Fever
Auer Rods
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)
Autosplenectomy
Sickle Cell Anemia –switch a glu –>val in β chain (Low O2 ↑ sickling)
Other features:
-Low O2 ↑ sickling
-Aplastic crisis w/ B19 (Parvovirus ssDNA) infection
-Salmonella osteomyelitis
- Vaso-occlusive painful crisises
-Hydroxyurea as Txt (↑ HbF) & Bone marrow transplant
Babinski
UMN lesion, normal < 1 yr of age
Basophilic Stippling of RBCs
Lead poisoning
Bence Jones Protein
Multiple myeloma
Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia
Birbeck Granules
Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
Blue Bloater
Chronic Bronchitis (at least 3 months for at least 2 years of ecessive mucus secretion & chronic recurrent productive cough)
Boot-shaped heart
Tetrology of Fallot
Bouchard’s Nodes
Osteoarthritis (Proximal IP joint of the fingers)
Boutonnieres Deformity
Rheumatoid arthritis- flex proximal & extend distal IP joints
Brown Tumor
Hyperparathyroidism
Brushfield Spots
Down’s Syndrome
Call-Exner Bodies
- Granulosa cell tumor: associated w/ endometrial hyperplasia & carcinoma
- Granuloma-Theca cell tumor
Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy
Chagas Disease
Chancre
Primary Syphilis…painless
Chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi (aka Chancroid)…painful!
Charcot Triad
Multiple Sclerosis
Triad is: nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
Charcot-Leyden Crystals
Bronchial asthma
Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
Cerebral lesion–
Breathing pattern– oscillation of ventilation between apnea and hyperpnea with a crescendo-diminuendo pattern
Chocolate Cysts
Endometriosis
– cysts aka endometrioma
Chvosteks Sign
Hypocalcemia
– facial spasm in tetany
Clue Cells
Gardernella vaginitis
Codman’s Triangle
Osteosarcoma
Cold Agglutinins
Infectious mononucleosis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Condyloma Lata
Secondary Syphilis
Cotton Wool Spots
- HTN
- Aka, cytoid bodies seen w/ SLE (yellowish cotton wool fundal lesions)
Councilman Bodies
- Hep B
- Yellow Fever
- -dying hepatocytes
Crescents In Bowmans Capsule
Rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)
Currant-Jelly Sputum
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Curschmann’s Sprial
Bronchial Asthma
Depigmentation of the Substantia Nigra
Parkinson’s Disease
Donovan Bodies
Granuloma inguinale (STD)–caused by Klebsiella granulomatis characterized by ulcerative genital lesions.
Eburnation
Osteoarthritis
–polished, ivory-like appearance of bone
Ectopia Lentis
Marfan’s
Erythema Chronicum Migrans
Lyme Disease
Fatty Liver
Alcoholism
Ferruginous Bodies
Asbestosis - & Iron laden
– appear as small brown nodules in the septum of the alveolus
Ghon Focus / Complex
Tuberculosis (1° & 2°, respectively)
Glitter Cells
Pyelonephritis
–neutrophils that are found in the urine
Gower’s Manuever
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy
–using arms to stand
Heberdens Nodes
Osteoarthritis (Distal IP joint of the fingers)
Heinz Bodies
G6PD Deficiency
Heterophile Antibodies
EBV mononucleosis
Hirano Bodies
Alzheimer’s Disease
–ntracellular aggregates of actin and actin-associated proteins first observed in neurons
Hypersegmented PMNs
Megaloblastic Anemia
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia
Iron deficiency or beta-thalassemia
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
Syphilis
–over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2° to rapid lysis
Joint Mice
Osteoarthritis
–fractured osteophytes
Kussmaul Breathing
Acidosis / Diabetic Ketoacidosis
–deep rapid breathing
Keratin Pearls
Squamous Cell CA of skin
-Actinic Keratosis is a precursor
Keyser-Fleischer Ring
Wilsons Disease
- brown ring on the edge of the iris
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules
Diabetic Nephropathy
–Nodular Glomerulosclerosis nodules of mesangial matrix
Koilocytes
HPV 6 & 11 (condyloma acuminatum - benign) and HPV 16 & 18 (malignant association)
Koplik’s Spots
Measles
– lesions on buccal mucosa
Lewy Bodies
Parkinson’s Disease
–eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells
Lines of Zahn
Arterial Thrombus
Lisch Nodules
Type 1 Neurofibromatosis
– pigmented iris hamartomas
Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis prototype of nephritic syndrome
Mallory Bodies
Alcoholic hepatitis
McBurney’s Sign
Appendicitis
McBurneys Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine
Michealis-Gutmann Bodies
Malakoplakia–lesion on bladder due to macros & calcospherites (M-G Bodies): usually due to E. Coli
Monoclonal Antibody Spike
aka “M protein”
- Multiple myeloma
- MGUS
Myxedema
Hypothyroidism
Negri Bodies
Rabies
Neuritic Plaques
aka senile plaques
Alzheimer Disease
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Alzheimer Disease
Non-pitting edema
- Myxedema
2. Anthrax toxin
Notching of ribs
Post-ductal coarctation of Aorta
Nutmeg Liver
CHF–> causing congested liver
Owl’s Eye Cells
- CMV
- Reed-Sternberg cells of HD–?
- Aschoff Bodies of Rheumatic fever
Painless jaundice
Pancreatic cancer
of the head?
Pannus
Rheumatoid arthritis
-also see morning stiffnes that ↓ w/ joint use, HLA-DR4
Pautriers Microabscesses
- Mycosis fungoides–cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
2. Sezary Syndrome
Philadelphia Chromosome
CML
9:22 translocation
Pick Bodies
Pick’s disease
COPD–types?
- Pink Puffer – Type A:emphysema
- Blue Bloater– Type B: chronic bronchitis
- -Emphysema Centroacinar smoking Panacinar - α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Podagra
Gout
–MP joint of hallux (big toe)
Port-Wine Stain
Hemangioma
Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign
ACL tear
Psammoma Bodies
- Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid
- Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
- Meningioma
- Mesothelioma
Pseudohypertrophy
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy @ calf muscle bc of increased fat
Punched-Out Bone Lesions
Multiple myeloma
Rash on Palms & Soles
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Secondary Syphilis
- Coxsackie virus infection:Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
Red Morning Urine
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. –would use Hams test to confirm.
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Reid Index Increased
Chronic bronchitis = ↑d ratio of bronchial gland to bronchial wall thickness
Reinke Crystals
Leydig Cell Tumor
Rouleaux Formation
Multiple Myeloma
– RBCs stack like poker chips
S3 Heart Sound
- L–> R Shunt (VSD, ASD, PDA)
- Mitral regurg
- LV failure
S4 Heart Sound
- Pulmonary stenosis
2. Pulmonary HTN
Schwartzman Reaction\
Neisseria meningitidis
–impressive rash with bugs
Smith Antigen
- SLE (also anti-dsDNA)– Malar Rash, Wire loop kidney lesions, Joint pain, False (+) syphilis test (VDRL), 90% 14-45 yo females
- also seen w/ use of INH; Procainamide; Hydralazine = SLE-like syndrome
Soap Bubble on X-Ray
Giant cell tumor of bone
Spike & Dome Glomeruli
Membranous glomerulonephritis = Nephrotic syndrome
Spike = basement membrane material & Dome = immune complex deposits (IgG orC3)
String Sign on X-Ray
Crohn’s
- bowel wall thickening
Target Cells
Thalassemia
Tendinous Xanthomas
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Thyroidization of Kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis
Tophi
Gout
Tram-Trak Glomeruli
Membrano-proliferative glomerularnephritis
Trousseau’s Sign
- Visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis)
- Hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
* *Two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same name.””
Virchow’s Node
Supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells
Measles
WBC Casts
Pyelonephritis
Whipple’s Triad
CNS disfunction
Hypoglycemic episodes glu injection reverses CNS Sympts
Wire Loop Glomeruli
Lupus nephropathy, type IV (diffuse proliferative form)
Inc AFP in maternal serum
- Spina Bifida
2. Anencephaly
Increased Uric Acid
- Gout
- Lesch Nyhan
- Myeloproliferative Disorders
- Diuretics (Loops and Thiazides)
Decreased FEV1/FVC
COPD
“Ground Glass” on Chest X-Ray
-Hyaline
Due to PCP
seen with atelectasia
Honey Combing of the Lung
Asbestosis (restrictive lung disease)
Crescents
Goodpasture’s Syndrome– pneumonia w/ hemoptysis & rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Linear Ig Deposits
Goodpasture’s Syndrome – anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
45 Degree Branching Points
Aspergillosis (aspergillis)
PAS (+) Dutcher bodies
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia= Inc IgM=hyperviscositiy
“Ground Glass” in Abdomen
-Hyaline
seen in the hepatocytes of healthy carriers of HBsAg in liver biopsies
“Signet Ring” Cells
Cells in ovaries from metastasis of Kruckenberg’s tumor of the stomach
Ground Glass Appearance (hyaline)
- Seen w progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy oligodendrocytes
- Nuclei seen in Papillary Ca of the thyroid
Congo Red
Shows amyloid deposition in plaques and vascular walls
e.g.- Used for dx of renal amyloidosis
Meningiomas & Progesterone
Some meningiomas have progesterone receptors= rapid growth in pregnancy possible
Tuberous Sclerosis Triad
Triad: seizures, MR, angiofibroma
leukoderma, (congenital facial white spots or macules)
Cowdry A Inclusions
Seen in HSV encephalitis in oligodendroglia
Devic’s Syndrome
Neuromyelitis Optica!!
rapid demyelination of the optic nerve and spinal cord w paraplegia
-stated as “variant” of MS but really its own disease
c-erb B2
Breast Cancer association
-HER2
Foster-Kennedy Syndrome
A tumor causing blindness & anosmia w/ papilloedema
Hoffman’s sign
Flicking of middle finger’s nail – distal sign of nerve regeneration after injury
Red Nucleus Destruction
Intention tremors of the arm
Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
Unconcious proprioception of the lower extremities
Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract
Unconscious proprioception & fine motor movements
Lateral Spinothalamic Tract
Pain & Temp sensation
Ventral Spinothalamic Tract
Light touch perception
SVA
Taster& Smell
GSE
Muscles of the eye & tongue
SSA
Vision, Hearing & Equilibrium
GVA
Sensation of the tongue, soft palate. Carotid Body & Sinus innervation
GVE
- Edinger Westphal nucleus = parasympathetic eye innervation
- Gland innervation= secretion
- Viscera
GSA
- Pain & temp of face
2. Sensation of external ear
SVE
Innervation of muscles of mastication, facial expressions, larynx & pharynx
LMN Lesion
- Werndig-Hoffman – progressive infantile muscular atrophy
2. Poliomyelitis
Sensory Pathway Lesion
- Subacute Combined Degeneration= Friedrich’s Ataxia= B12 Deficiency
- Tabes Dorsalis (neurosyphilis)
Both UMN & LMN
ALS
Both Sensory & Motor Lesion
- Brown-Sequard – hemicord lesion
2. Anterior spinal artery occlusion
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Controls circadian rhythm
Ventromedial Nucleus
Satiety center
“savage” behavior 7 obesity when lesioned
Lateral Nucleus
Induces eating
starvation when lesioned (“shrink laterally with lateral lesion”)
Arcuate Nucleus
Releases PIf (dopaminergic neurons)
Mamillary Body
Hemorrhages seen in Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
Acanthocytes
RBCs w/ spiny projections
-seen in abetalipoproteinemia, severe liver disease