Most Common... Flashcards
Primary Tumor Arising from Bone in Adults
Osteosarcoma
Adrenal Medullary Tumor– Adults
Pheochromocytoma
5 Ps: ↑ Pressure, Pain (Headache), Perspiration, Palpitations, Pallor/Diaphoresis
Adrenal Medullary Tumor– Children
Neuroblastoma
Agent of Severe Viral Encephalitis
Herpes Simplex
Aggressive Lung Tumor
small cell or oat cell
Associated w/ Gall Stones
Adenocarcinoma
Bacterial Meningitis– the Elderly
Neisseria meningitidis
Bacterial Meningitis – Adults
Strep pneumonia, in young adults it’s Neisseria meningitidis
Bacterial Meningitis – Newborns
Group B. Strepl
Bacterial Meningitis– Toddlers
Haemophilus Influenza B
Benign Epithelial Tumor of Oral Mucosa
Papilloma
Benign Fallopian Tube Tumor
Adenomatoid
Benign Ovarian Tumor
Mature (native) Teratoma = benign dermatoid
Benign tumor of soft tissue
Lipoma
Benign tumor of the breast, <25 yo
Fibroadenoma
Benign Tumor of the liver
Hemangioma
Benign tumor of the vulva
hidroadenoma
Benign uterine tumor
Leiomyoma– estrogen sensitive, size changes during pregnancy and menopause
Bone Tumors
Metasteses from Breast & Prostate
Brain tumor- childr
Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Brain tumor – adult
astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), then: meningioma, mets, Schwannoma
Breast Carcinoma
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Breast Mass
fibrocystic change in premenopausal women, carcinoma in post-menopausal
Bug in acute endocarditis
Staph aureus
Bug in debilitated, hospital-aquired pneumonia pt
Klebsiella
Bug in epiglottitis
Heamophilus infuenza B
Bug in GI tract
Bacteroides, 2nd MC is ecoli
Bug in IV drug user bacteremia/pneumonia
Staph aureas (also in acute endocarditis)
Bug in PID
Gonnorrhoeae
Bug in subacute endocarditis
Strep Viridans
CA of urinary collecting system
Transitional cell carcinoma
– assoc. w/ benzidine; βnaphthylamine; analine dyes; long term txt w/
cyclophosphamide
Primary Cardiac Tumor - Adults
Myxoma, “ball valve”
Primary cardiac tumor- children
Rhabdomyoma– associated w Tuberous Sclerosis
Cardiac tumor- Adults
metasteses
Cardiomyopathy
Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy: alcohol, BeriBeri, cocaine use, coxsackie B, doxorubicin, systolic dysfct
Cause of secondary HTN
Renal disease
Cause of Addison’s
Autoimmune (second is infection)
Cause of breast lumps
CA of the breast….doesn’t this depend on population?
Cause of chronic endometriosis
TB…WHAT??
Cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
21-hydroxylase deficiency…NaCl lost and hypotension, then 11-NaCl retention and HTN
Cause of Cushing’s
Exogenous steroid therapy (then primacy ACTH, adrenal adenoma, ectopic ACTH)
Cause of death in Alzheimer Pt.s
Pneumonia
Cause of death in Diabetics
MI
Cause of death in premature infants
neonatal respiratory distress syndome (NRDS) = hyaline membrane disease
Cause of death in SLE patients
Lupus nephropathy type IV (diffuse proliferative)= Renal disease
Cause of Dementia
Alzheimers
2nd most common: multi- infarct dementia
Cause of dwarfism
achondroplasia
Cause of food poisoning
Staph Aureus
Cause of hematosalpynga
ectopic pregnancy
Cause of hypoparathyroidism
Thryroidectomy
Cause of hypothyroidism
corrective surgery I31 tx
Cause of kidney infections
E. coli
Cause of liver disease in the U.S.
alcohol consumption
Cause of malignancy in children
Acute leukemia
Cause of genetic MR
Down Syndrome
Cause of heritable MR
Fragile X
Cause of MR
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (?)
Cause of NaCl loss & hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Cause of PID
N. ghonorrhea
Cause of portal cirrhosis
alcohol
Cause of preventable blindness
Chlamydia (serotypes A,B,Ba,C)
Cause of Pulmonary HTN
COPD
Cause of SIADH
small cell carcinoma of the lung
Cause of UT obstruction in men
BPH
Cause of pernicious anemia
chronic atrophic gastritis… no production of intrinsic factor
Chromosomal Disorder
Down Syndrome
Common tumor of the appendix
Carcinoid tumor: flushing, diarrhea, bronchopsasm, right heart valvular lesions,
Tx: methysergide (5HT antagonist)
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD (membranous > muscular)
Congenital early cyanosis
Tetrology of Fallot (a R–> L shunt)
Coronary Artery Thrombosis
LAD artery: MI
Demyelinating Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
- Charcot triad: nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
- Periventricular plaques w/ dec. oligodendrocytes
- Inc IgG in CSF, Optic neuritis, MLF sx (internuclear opthalmoplegia, bladder incontinence?)
Dental Tumor
Odontoma
Dietary deficiency
Iron
Disease of the breast
Fibrocystic change
Disseminated opportunistic infection in AIDS
CMV (PCP is most common OI overall)
Esophageal cancer
SCCA
Fallopian Tube Malignancy
Adenocarcinoma
Fatal genetic defect in caucasians
Cystic Fibrosis (chromosome 7q)
Female Tumor
Leiomyoma (fibroids)
Form of Amyloidosis
Immunologic
– Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)
Form of Tularemia
Ulceroglandular
Germ cell tumor of the testes
Seminoma (analogous to dysgerminoma of ovaries)
Gynecological Malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma
Gynecological finding
Endometrial CA —> check source on this. questionable
Heart Murmur
Mitral valve prolapse
Hear valve in bacterial endocarditis
mitral
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA
Tricuspid….staph A most common bug
Heart valve involved in Rheumatic Fever
Mitral, then aortic
Hereditary bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand’s Disease
Hormone secreted in pituitary adenoma
Prolactin (thus called prolactinoma)
Inherited disease of the kidney
Adult polycystic kidney disease: associated with polycystic liver, Berry aneurysms, mitral prolapse
-APD1– chromosome 16
Intracranial tumor in adults
Glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV astrocytoma)
Islet Tumor
Insulinoma= beta cell tumor
Liver primary tumor
Hepatoma
Liver Disease
Alcoholic liver disease
Location of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Head (99%)
Location of adult brain tumors
Supratentorial
Location of childhood brain tumors
Infratentorial
Lung tumor–malignant or benign?
Malignant
Lung tumor– primary or secondary?
Secondary
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher’s disease
Malignancy in women
Lung, breast is second –besides basal cell carcinoma
Malignancy of the pharynx
Glottic CA (squamous cell)
Malignancy of the small intestine
Adenocarcinoma
Malignancy of the vulva
Squamous cell CA
Malignant eye tumor in kids
Retinoblastoma
Malignant tumor of the liver
Hepatocellular CA
Motor Neuron Disease
ALS
Muscular Dystrophy
Duchenne’s: dystrophin deletion. Presents <5 yoa w/ weakness at pelvic girdles w/ upward progression
Nasal Tumor
Squamous cell CA
Neoplasm– Child
Leukemia
2nd MC Neoplasm – Child
Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)
Neoplasm of the West
Adeno CA of the rectum and/or colon (what?)
Neoplastic polyp
Tubular adenoma
Nephrotic syndrome in adults
Membranous glomerularnephritis
Nephrotic syndrome in children
Minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis)
–responds well to steroids
Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
Follicular small clear cell
Cause of death in women annually
Lung CA
Skin tumor
Basal cell CA
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
PCP
Ovarian Malignancy
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Ovarian tumor
Hamartoma
Pancreatic Tumor
Adeno – usually in the head
Patient with : ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL – child/CLL- adult over 60/ AML - adult over 60/ CML- Adult 30-50
Patient with Goodpasture’s
Young male
Patient with Reiter’s
male (reactive arthritis)
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma
2nd MC is somatotrophic “acidophilic” adenoma
Place for primary squamous cell Ca of esophagus
Mid 1/3
Place for peptic ulcer disease
Lesser curvature of antrum– associated w blood group O
Primary benign salivary tumor
Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed) – 90% localized to the parotid
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas
2nd: hyperplasia, 3rd: carcinoma
Primary malignancy of bone
Osteosarcoma
Primary malignancy of small intestine
Lymphoma
Pt w Hodgkins
young male (except nodular sclerosing type–females)
Pt w minimal change disease
Young child
Renal malignancy
Renal cell CA
Renal malignancy of early childhood
Wilm’s tumor (neuroblastoma)– chromosome 11p
Salivary tumor
Pleomorphic adenoma
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of CRF
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Chlamydia (serotypes D-K)
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
Site of embolic occlusion
Middle cerebal artery
–contralateral paralysis, aphasias, motor & sensory loss
Site of metastasis
regional lymph nodes
2nd MC site of mets
Liver
Sites of atherosclerosis
abdominal aorta > coronary >popliteal > carotid
Skin CA of fair skinned people
Malignant melanoma
Skin cancer
Basal cell CA
Small intestine congenital anomaly
Meckel’s diverticulum
Stomach cancer
Adeno – assoc. w/ blood group A
Testicular tumor
Seminoma= malignant painless testes growth
Thyroid anomaly
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Thyroid CA
Papillary Ca
Tracheosophageal Fistula
Lower esophagus joins trachea/upper esophagus- blind pouch- polyhydramnios association
Tumor in men <20
germ cell tumor
Tumor of infancy
Benign vascular tumor = port wine hemangioima
Tumor of the stomach >50 years of age
Ca of stomach (adenocarcinoma)
Type of Hodgkin’s
Nodular Sclerosing **
Type of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Follicular, small cleaved
Type of portal cirrhosis
micronodular
type of soft tissue tumor of childhood
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Vasculitis (of medium and small vessels)
Temporal arteritis (branch of carotid artery)
Viral encephalitis
HSV
Worm infection in U.S.
Pinworm
2nd is Ascaris lumbricoides (giant round worm)
Worst prognosis in thyroid cancer
Follicular CA
Cause of lobar pneumonia
Strep. pneumoniae
Cause of death between 24-44 yoa
AIDS
cause of pneumonia in CF
Pseudomonas
Cause of osteomyelitis in IVDA
Pseudomonas
Cause of infection in burn pt.s
Pseudomonas
Psychiatric problem in males
specific phobia
Intelligence test
Stanford Binet (age 6 and under)
WIPSE 4-6
WISK-R 6-17
WAIS-R older than 17
Paraphilia
Pedophilia
Metabolite see w/ pheochromocytoma
VMA: vanillylmandelic acid (an NE metabolite)
Severe Shigella
Dysenteriae
Bug in otitis media & sinusitis in kids
Strep. pneumoniae
Cause of solitary brain abcess
Actinomyces israelli
Cause of bacterial diarrhea in U.S.
campylobacter jejuni
Shigella Type
Shigella sonnei
Cause of non-ghonococcal urethritis
Chlamydia trichomonas
Pneumonia
Strep. pneumoniae – community acquired?
Urethritis
Neisseria ghonorrhea
Cause of glomerulonephritis
IgA Nephropathy= Berger’s Disease
Cause of Viral Pneumonia
RSV- infants
Parainfluenza– kids
Influenza virus– adults
Adeno virus– military recruits
Complication of COPD
Pulmonary infections
Cause of death w/ SLE
Renal Failure
Atrial Septal Defect
Ostium secundum type
Warm Antibody
Most common form of immune hemolytic anemia
IgG auto-antibodies to RBCs
See spherocytosis;(+) Coomb’s test; complication to CLL
Immunodeficiency
IgA deficiency
Congenital GIT Anomaly
Meckel’s diverticulum: persistence of vitelline duct/yolk sac stalk
Cause of congenital malformation
Fetal Alcohol syndrome