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Most Common... Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Primary Tumor Arising from Bone in Adults

A

Osteosarcoma

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2
Q

Adrenal Medullary Tumor– Adults

A

Pheochromocytoma

5 P’s: ↑ Pressure, Pain (Headache), Perspiration, Palpitations, Pallor/Diaphoresis

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3
Q

Adrenal Medullary Tumor– Children

A

Neuroblastoma

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4
Q

Agent of Severe Viral Encephalitis

A

Herpes Simplex

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5
Q

Aggressive Lung Tumor

A

small cell or oat cell

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6
Q

Associated w/ Gall Stones

A

Adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

Bacterial Meningitis– the Elderly

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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8
Q

Bacterial Meningitis – Adults

A

Strep pneumonia, in young adults it’s Neisseria meningitidis

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9
Q

Bacterial Meningitis – Newborns

A

Group B. Strepl

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10
Q

Bacterial Meningitis– Toddlers

A

Haemophilus Influenza B

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11
Q

Benign Epithelial Tumor of Oral Mucosa

A

Papilloma

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12
Q

Benign Fallopian Tube Tumor

A

Adenomatoid

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13
Q

Benign Ovarian Tumor

A

Mature (native) Teratoma = benign dermatoid

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14
Q

Benign tumor of soft tissue

A

Lipoma

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15
Q

Benign tumor of the breast, <25 yo

A

Fibroadenoma

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16
Q

Benign Tumor of the liver

A

Hemangioma

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17
Q

Benign tumor of the vulva

A

hidroadenoma

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18
Q

Benign uterine tumor

A

Leiomyoma– estrogen sensitive, size changes during pregnancy and menopause

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19
Q

Bone Tumors

A

Metasteses from Breast & Prostate

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20
Q

Brain tumor- childr

A

Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

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21
Q

Brain tumor – adult

A

astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), then: meningioma, mets, Schwannoma

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22
Q

Breast Carcinoma

A

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

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23
Q

Breast Mass

A

fibrocystic change in premenopausal women, carcinoma in post-menopausal

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24
Q

Bug in acute endocarditis

A

Staph aureus

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25
Q

Bug in debilitated, hospital-aquired pneumonia pt

A

Klebsiella

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26
Q

Bug in epiglottitis

A

Heamophilus infuenza B

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27
Q

Bug in GI tract

A

Bacteroides, 2nd MC is ecoli

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28
Q

Bug in IV drug user bacteremia/pneumonia

A

Staph aureas (also in acute endocarditis)

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29
Q

Bug in PID

A

Gonnorrhoeae

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30
Q

Bug in subacute endocarditis

A

Strep Viridans

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31
Q

CA of urinary collecting system

A

Transitional cell carcinoma
– assoc. w/ benzidine; βnaphthylamine; analine dyes; long term txt w/
cyclophosphamide

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32
Q

Primary Cardiac Tumor - Adults

A

Myxoma, “ball valve”

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33
Q

Primary cardiac tumor- children

A

Rhabdomyoma– associated w Tuberous Sclerosis

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34
Q

Cardiac tumor- Adults

A

metasteses

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35
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy: alcohol, BeriBeri, cocaine use, coxsackie B, doxorubicin, systolic dysfct

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36
Q

Cause of secondary HTN

A

Renal disease

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37
Q

Cause of Addison’s

A

Autoimmune (second is infection)

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38
Q

Cause of breast lumps

A

CA of the breast….doesn’t this depend on population?

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39
Q

Cause of chronic endometriosis

A

TB…WHAT??

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40
Q

Cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency…NaCl lost and hypotension, then 11-NaCl retention and HTN

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41
Q

Cause of Cushing’s

A

Exogenous steroid therapy (then primacy ACTH, adrenal adenoma, ectopic ACTH)

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42
Q

Cause of death in Alzheimer Pt.s

A

Pneumonia

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43
Q

Cause of death in Diabetics

A

MI

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44
Q

Cause of death in premature infants

A

neonatal respiratory distress syndome (NRDS) = hyaline membrane disease

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45
Q

Cause of death in SLE patients

A

Lupus nephropathy type IV (diffuse proliferative)= Renal disease

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46
Q

Cause of Dementia

A

Alzheimers

2nd most common: multi- infarct dementia

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47
Q

Cause of dwarfism

A

achondroplasia

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48
Q

Cause of food poisoning

A

Staph Aureus

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49
Q

Cause of hematosalpynga

A

ectopic pregnancy

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50
Q

Cause of hypoparathyroidism

A

Thryroidectomy

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51
Q

Cause of hypothyroidism

A

corrective surgery I31 tx

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52
Q

Cause of kidney infections

A

E. coli

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53
Q

Cause of liver disease in the U.S.

A

alcohol consumption

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54
Q

Cause of malignancy in children

A

Acute leukemia

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55
Q

Cause of genetic MR

A

Down Syndrome

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56
Q

Cause of heritable MR

A

Fragile X

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57
Q

Cause of MR

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (?)

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58
Q

Cause of NaCl loss & hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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59
Q

Cause of PID

A

N. ghonorrhea

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60
Q

Cause of portal cirrhosis

A

alcohol

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61
Q

Cause of preventable blindness

A

Chlamydia (serotypes A,B,Ba,C)

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62
Q

Cause of Pulmonary HTN

A

COPD

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63
Q

Cause of SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma of the lung

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64
Q

Cause of UT obstruction in men

A

BPH

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65
Q

Cause of pernicious anemia

A

chronic atrophic gastritis… no production of intrinsic factor

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66
Q

Chromosomal Disorder

A

Down Syndrome

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67
Q

Common tumor of the appendix

A

Carcinoid tumor: flushing, diarrhea, bronchopsasm, right heart valvular lesions,
Tx: methysergide (5HT antagonist)

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68
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD (membranous > muscular)

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69
Q

Congenital early cyanosis

A

Tetrology of Fallot (a R–> L shunt)

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70
Q

Coronary Artery Thrombosis

A

LAD artery: MI

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71
Q

Demyelinating Disease

A

Multiple Sclerosis

  • Charcot triad: nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
  • Periventricular plaques w/ dec. oligodendrocytes
  • Inc IgG in CSF, Optic neuritis, MLF sx (internuclear opthalmoplegia, bladder incontinence?)
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72
Q

Dental Tumor

A

Odontoma

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73
Q

Dietary deficiency

A

Iron

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74
Q

Disease of the breast

A

Fibrocystic change

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75
Q

Disseminated opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

CMV (PCP is most common OI overall)

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76
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

SCCA

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77
Q

Fallopian Tube Malignancy

A

Adenocarcinoma

78
Q

Fatal genetic defect in caucasians

A

Cystic Fibrosis (chromosome 7q)

79
Q

Female Tumor

A

Leiomyoma (fibroids)

80
Q

Form of Amyloidosis

A

Immunologic

– Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)

81
Q

Form of Tularemia

A

Ulceroglandular

82
Q

Germ cell tumor of the testes

A

Seminoma (analogous to dysgerminoma of ovaries)

83
Q

Gynecological Malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma

84
Q

Gynecological finding

A

Endometrial CA —> check source on this. questionable

85
Q

Heart Murmur

A

Mitral valve prolapse

86
Q

Hear valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

mitral

87
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA

A

Tricuspid….staph A most common bug

88
Q

Heart valve involved in Rheumatic Fever

A

Mitral, then aortic

89
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

Von Willebrand’s Disease

90
Q

Hormone secreted in pituitary adenoma

A

Prolactin (thus called prolactinoma)

91
Q

Inherited disease of the kidney

A

Adult polycystic kidney disease: associated with polycystic liver, Berry aneurysms, mitral prolapse
-APD1– chromosome 16

92
Q

Intracranial tumor in adults

A

Glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV astrocytoma)

93
Q

Islet Tumor

A

Insulinoma= beta cell tumor

94
Q

Liver primary tumor

A

Hepatoma

95
Q

Liver Disease

A

Alcoholic liver disease

96
Q

Location of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

A

Head (99%)

97
Q

Location of adult brain tumors

A

Supratentorial

98
Q

Location of childhood brain tumors

A

Infratentorial

99
Q

Lung tumor–malignant or benign?

A

Malignant

100
Q

Lung tumor– primary or secondary?

A

Secondary

101
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher’s disease

102
Q

Malignancy in women

A

Lung, breast is second –besides basal cell carcinoma

103
Q

Malignancy of the pharynx

A

Glottic CA (squamous cell)

104
Q

Malignancy of the small intestine

A

Adenocarcinoma

105
Q

Malignancy of the vulva

A

Squamous cell CA

106
Q

Malignant eye tumor in kids

A

Retinoblastoma

107
Q

Malignant tumor of the liver

A

Hepatocellular CA

108
Q

Motor Neuron Disease

A

ALS

109
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

Duchenne’s: dystrophin deletion. Presents <5 yoa w/ weakness at pelvic girdles w/ upward progression

110
Q

Nasal Tumor

A

Squamous cell CA

111
Q

Neoplasm– Child

A

Leukemia

112
Q

2nd MC Neoplasm – Child

A

Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)

113
Q

Neoplasm of the West

A

Adeno CA of the rectum and/or colon (what?)

114
Q

Neoplastic polyp

A

Tubular adenoma

115
Q

Nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

Membranous glomerularnephritis

116
Q

Nephrotic syndrome in children

A

Minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis)

–responds well to steroids

117
Q

Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma

A

Follicular small clear cell

118
Q

Cause of death in women annually

A

Lung CA

119
Q

Skin tumor

A

Basal cell CA

120
Q

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

PCP

121
Q

Ovarian Malignancy

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

122
Q

Ovarian tumor

A

Hamartoma

123
Q

Pancreatic Tumor

A

Adeno – usually in the head

124
Q

Patient with : ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL – child/CLL- adult over 60/ AML - adult over 60/ CML- Adult 30-50

125
Q

Patient with Goodpasture’s

A

Young male

126
Q

Patient with Reiter’s

A

male (reactive arthritis)

127
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma

2nd MC is somatotrophic “acidophilic” adenoma

128
Q

Place for primary squamous cell Ca of esophagus

A

Mid 1/3

129
Q

Place for peptic ulcer disease

A

Lesser curvature of antrum– associated w blood group O

130
Q

Primary benign salivary tumor

A

Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed) – 90% localized to the parotid

131
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenomas

2nd: hyperplasia, 3rd: carcinoma

132
Q

Primary malignancy of bone

A

Osteosarcoma

133
Q

Primary malignancy of small intestine

A

Lymphoma

134
Q

Pt w Hodgkins

A

young male (except nodular sclerosing type–females)

135
Q

Pt w minimal change disease

A

Young child

136
Q

Renal malignancy

A

Renal cell CA

137
Q

Renal malignancy of early childhood

A

Wilm’s tumor (neuroblastoma)– chromosome 11p

138
Q

Salivary tumor

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

139
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of CRF

140
Q

Sexually Transmitted Disease

A

Chlamydia (serotypes D-K)

141
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

142
Q

Site of embolic occlusion

A

Middle cerebal artery

–contralateral paralysis, aphasias, motor & sensory loss

143
Q

Site of metastasis

A

regional lymph nodes

144
Q

2nd MC site of mets

A

Liver

145
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

abdominal aorta > coronary >popliteal > carotid

146
Q

Skin CA of fair skinned people

A

Malignant melanoma

147
Q

Skin cancer

A

Basal cell CA

148
Q

Small intestine congenital anomaly

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

149
Q

Stomach cancer

A

Adeno – assoc. w/ blood group A

150
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma= malignant painless testes growth

151
Q

Thyroid anomaly

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

152
Q

Thyroid CA

A

Papillary Ca

153
Q

Tracheosophageal Fistula

A

Lower esophagus joins trachea/upper esophagus- blind pouch- polyhydramnios association

154
Q

Tumor in men <20

A

germ cell tumor

155
Q

Tumor of infancy

A

Benign vascular tumor = port wine hemangioima

156
Q

Tumor of the stomach >50 years of age

A

Ca of stomach (adenocarcinoma)

157
Q

Type of Hodgkin’s

A

Nodular Sclerosing **

158
Q

Type of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

Follicular, small cleaved

159
Q

Type of portal cirrhosis

A

micronodular

160
Q

type of soft tissue tumor of childhood

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

161
Q

Vasculitis (of medium and small vessels)

A

Temporal arteritis (branch of carotid artery)

162
Q

Viral encephalitis

A

HSV

163
Q

Worm infection in U.S.

A

Pinworm

2nd is Ascaris lumbricoides (giant round worm)

164
Q

Worst prognosis in thyroid cancer

A

Follicular CA

165
Q

Cause of lobar pneumonia

A

Strep. pneumoniae

166
Q

Cause of death between 24-44 yoa

A

AIDS

167
Q

cause of pneumonia in CF

A

Pseudomonas

168
Q

Cause of osteomyelitis in IVDA

A

Pseudomonas

169
Q

Cause of infection in burn pt.s

A

Pseudomonas

170
Q

Psychiatric problem in males

A

specific phobia

171
Q

Intelligence test

A

Stanford Binet (age 6 and under)
WIPSE 4-6
WISK-R 6-17
WAIS-R older than 17

172
Q

Paraphilia

A

Pedophilia

173
Q

Metabolite see w/ pheochromocytoma

A

VMA: vanillylmandelic acid (an NE metabolite)

174
Q

Severe Shigella

A

Dysenteriae

175
Q

Bug in otitis media & sinusitis in kids

A

Strep. pneumoniae

176
Q

Cause of solitary brain abcess

A

Actinomyces israelli

177
Q

Cause of bacterial diarrhea in U.S.

A

campylobacter jejuni

178
Q

Shigella Type

A

Shigella sonnei

179
Q

Cause of non-ghonococcal urethritis

A

Chlamydia trichomonas

180
Q

Pneumonia

A

Strep. pneumoniae – community acquired?

181
Q

Urethritis

A

Neisseria ghonorrhea

182
Q

Cause of glomerulonephritis

A

IgA Nephropathy= Berger’s Disease

183
Q

Cause of Viral Pneumonia

A

RSV- infants
Parainfluenza– kids
Influenza virus– adults
Adeno virus– military recruits

184
Q

Complication of COPD

A

Pulmonary infections

185
Q

Cause of death w/ SLE

A

Renal Failure

186
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

A

Ostium secundum type

187
Q

Warm Antibody

A

Most common form of immune hemolytic anemia
IgG auto-antibodies to RBCs
See spherocytosis;(+) Coomb’s test; complication to CLL

188
Q

Immunodeficiency

A

IgA deficiency

189
Q

Congenital GIT Anomaly

A

Meckel’s diverticulum: persistence of vitelline duct/yolk sac stalk

190
Q

Cause of congenital malformation

A

Fetal Alcohol syndrome

USMLE Step 1 (9 decks)

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