Pharmacology And Pharmacokinetics Flashcards
Pharmacology
Study of drugs from their origins, chemical structure and administration to their absorption, distribution, actions, metabolism and excretions
Drugs
Medical compounds taken into body to cause a reaction to cause a change in the body
What are some drug sources
Plants:
Aspirin = willow
Digoxin = foxglove
Animals:
Porcine insulin = pigs
What are the 4 aspects of pharmacokinetics?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
What is absorption
Determined by a drug’s physiochemical properties, formulation, route of administration and physiological factors
Routes of administration
Oral - tablet capsules
Topical - creams applied to skin
Parenteral - IV, IM, intradermal and intrathecal
Transdermal - patches on skin
Rectal
Vaginal
Inhalation
Intraoesseous - injecting directly into marrow of bone
3 factors affecting absorption across the GI tract
Drug preparation
Interactions
Physiological factors
What is distribution
Transported via bloodstream, gets to all tissues, drugs initially may reach higher concentrations in tissues which have better blood supply
Blood brain barrier
Some substances blocked from entering brain tissue
What is metabolism, where is the main site
Main site is liver
Metabolism of drugs is chemical changes which leads to breakdown of the drugs
Pro-drugs
Few drugs are changed from the inactive state to active state
What is excretion, main organs of excretion
Kidneys are main organs of excretion
Others are the gut, skin, lungs, salivary glands, sweat glands
Half life
Time it takes for the amount of a drug’s active substance to reduce by half
Bioavaibility
Proportion of drug that reaches systemic circulation
Factors that affect distribution of drugs
PH, protein binding, blood flow to target organs, blood brain barrier
