Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are the physiological needs met by cardiovascular system

Answer 1

Transport nutrients, gases, waste products around body
Protect body from infection/blood loss
Maintain constant body temp
Maintain fluid balance

Question 2

3 types of heart wall

Answer 2

Pericardium, endocardium, myocardium

Question 3

Cardiac muscle is….

Answer 3

Branched, fibres join by intercalated discs which conduct electrical impulses from 1 cell to another

Question 4

What happens if coronary arteries become blocked

Answer 4

Damages the myocardium

Question 5

What is needed to cause muscle contraction to pump blood around lungs

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

What is vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Answer 6

Vasodilation = widening of blood vessels
Vasoconstriction = narrowing of blood vessels

Question 7

Differences between artery and vein

Answer 7

Artery = thick outer wall, small lumen
Vein = thin layer of muscle/elastic fibres, large lumen
Capillary = small lumen, wall made of a single layer of cell

Question 8

What is heart rate/pulse

Answer 8

Measured in beats per minute minute

Question 9

What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle

Answer 9

Diastole and systole

Question 10

Diastole and systole

Answer 10

Diastole = ventricles relaxed
Systole = ventricles contracts

Question 11

ECG

Answer 11

Electrocardiography is non-invasive produced by an electrocardiograph
The ECG records electrical activity in the heart

Question 12

What is a drug used for treating cardiovascular system

Answer 12

Digoxin - drug used for treating cardiovascular system
Has a number of effects on heart including ability to slow heart rate and help it beat regularly

Question 13

How does digoxin slow heart rate

Answer 13

Disturbs concentration of ions in cardiac muscle and reduces conductivity within AV node

Question 14

Blood functions

Answer 14

Transports oxygen and nutrients to lungs and tissues, forms blood clots, regulates body temps

Question 15

Different types of cells in the blood

Answer 15

RBC’s, WBC’s , platelets, plasma

Question 16

Where are blood cells produced

Answer 16

Bone marrow

Question 17

Where can blood be obtained from

Answer 17

arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 18

what conditions might cause raised white cell count?

Answer 18

Leukocytosis or infections, medications, stress

Question 19

what conditions might cause raised white cell count?

Answer 19

Leukocytosis or infections, medications, stress

Question 20

Consequence of low placelet count

Answer 20

excessive bruising or superficial bleeding into skin appearing as a rash

Question 21

Order of haemostasis

Answer 21

1. Vascular spasm to reduce blood loss
2. Platelets activated
3. Platelets become sticky and stick to each other forming a placelet plug
4. Fibrin network of threads which halts bleeding
5. Coagulation cascade is initiated resulting in formation of fibrin