Human Body Organisation Flashcards
Main types of cells in the human body
Brain cells
Heart muscle cells
Red blood cells
Fat cells
Nerve cells
What is a cell?
Basic unit of life
Smallest component which can perform characteristics of life
Homeostasis
Maintains the internal environment
Keeps conditions right for cells to function
Nucleus
Contains genetic material in form of chromosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Important for making proteins and lipids
Golgi apparatus
Prepares proteins for secretion from the cell
Lysosomes
Breaks down enzymes and waste
Cell membrane
Engaged in metabolic reactions
Hydrophilic head loves water
Hydrophobic tail hates water
Forms the fluid mosaic model
Primary cilium
Gathers information about conditions outside the cell
Mitochondria
Produces ATP which cell needs for energy
Functions of cell membrane
Controls movement of molecules in and out of cells
Communication
Chemical reactions
Is the cell permeable or semi-permeable
Semi-permeable
Diffusion
in lungs, across respiratory membranes in gas exchange
Osmosis
water crosses cell membranes of all human cells
Carrier mediated transport
glucose transported into cells via carrier protein
Active transport
glucose absorbed by AT across cell membrane in small intestine
Phagocytosis
neutrophils (WBC) engulfs bacteria to fight off infection
Pinocytosis
small proteins reabsorbed in kidney nephrons
4 types of tissues
Connective
Epithelial
Muscle
Nervous
The cells in connective tissues are fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages..explain these
Fibroblasts = secrete the extra cellular fibres, made of non-stretchy collagen
Mast cells = secretes histamines in inflammatory reactions and heparin which prevents blood clotting
Macrophages = engulf pathogens
Nervous tissues and cells
Nerve cells specialised to react to stimuli to conduct impulses which bring about a response
Muscle tissues
Specialised tissues with the ability to contract and conduct electrical impulses
Child development
biological, psychological and emotional changes occurring between birth and end of adolescence
Most rapid growth takes place in utero in the first 2years of life and in adolescence
