PHARMACOLOGY AND PAIN MANAGEMENT

Question 1

The time it takes the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by half

Answer 1

Half-life (t½)

Question 2

The lowest concentration reached by a drug before the next dose is administered

Answer 2

Trough levels

Question 3

The highest concentration reached by a drug after the dose is administered

Answer 3

Peak level

Question 4

Child is taking griseofulvin for tinea capitis. What is the best recommendation to maximize absorption?

Answer 4

To be taken with whole milk or fatty meal

Question 5

Child is taking oral penicillin for streptococcal infection developed non-pruritic rash, nausea, and vomiting. What is the type of this reaction?

Answer 5

Non-IgE-mediated

Question 6

Child is taking oral penicillin for streptococcal infection developed pruritic rash, swollen lips and difficulty breathing. What is the type of this reaction?

Answer 6

IgE mediated “anaphylaxis” to penicillin

Question 7

What is the most common side effects of drugs in general?

Answer 7

Nausea

Question 8

Anxiolysis with the maintenance of consciousness

Answer 8

Minimal sedation

Question 9

Controlled depressed consciousness, airway reflexes, and airway patency are maintained; the patient responds appropriately to age-appropriate commands and touch

Answer 9

Moderate sedation (conscious sedation)

Question 10

Controlled depressed consciousness, airway reflexes and airway patency may not be maintained, ventilatory function may be impaired, patient not easily aroused but responds purposefully following repeated or painful stimulation

Answer 10

Deep sedation

Question 11

Loss of consciousness occurs; impaired airway reflexes, airway patency, and ventilatory function; not arousable; not responsive to painful stimulation

Answer 11

General anesthesia

Question 12

In order to decrease the requirements of morphine post-operatively in neonates, infants, and children, what is the best recommendation?

Answer 12

Give an appropriate dose of acetaminophen (oral or rectal) for mild to moderate pain even after major surgeries

Question 13

Complication of gentamicin therapy, especially in newborns?

Answer 13

Ototoxicity

Question 14

Which complication is associated with erythromycin in children less than 1month?

Answer 14

Pyloric stenosis

Question 15

Complication of tetracyclines in children less than 8years old

Answer 15

Teeth staining

Question 16

Mother is asking if she can give her 5-month-old benzocaine gel for teething

Answer 16

Not recommended; increases the risk of methemoglobinemia

Question 17

What are the common side effects of ADHD medications?

Answer 17

Weight loss, difficulty sleeping, palpitations

Question 18

In young children with aspirin use, and concurrent viral infection such as varicella, may cause

Answer 18

Reye syndrome