Pharmacology and drugs

Question 1

What is the physicochemical property of a drug that needs to be in blood circulation

Answer 1

Lipophilic

Question 2

Give an example of a semisynthetic source of drugs

Answer 2

Co- Amoksiklav- Amoksikla and Augmentin

Question 3

What is the physicochemical property of a drug that does not need to be absorbed and in circulation

Answer 3

Hydrophillic

Question 4

What role does the Liver play in drug excretion

Answer 4

Metabolism of a drug from a lipophilic state to a water-soluble metabolite

Question 5

If a drug is hydrophilic what route of administration will get it into the bloodstream

Answer 5

Intravenous administration

Question 6

What is the major role of hydrophilic drugs administered intravenously

Answer 6

Treating of disorders in circulation(blood and vessels) since hydrophilic drugs won’t easily enter tissues and remain in the bloodstream

Question 7

Which drugs have a shorter half-life in circulation

Answer 7

Hydrophilic drugs since they do not need to undergo metabolism by the kidney

Question 8

Xenobiotic

Answer 8

Xenobiotics are chemical substances that are foreign to life

Question 9

Biliary excretion

Answer 9

When a drug which is heavily lipophilic which is being metabolised by the liver it can dissolve through the gall bladder and excreted through the gi-tract

Question 10

An example of a lipophilic drug that undergoes biliary excretion

Answer 10

Bilirubin( endogenous bi-product of RBC breakdown) Responsible for the yellow color of urine

Question 11

What substance is indicated by a yellow stool

Answer 11

Bilirubin

Question 12

A patient with yellowing in eyes urine and stool indicates an organ malfunction, Which organ is damaged and why is there yellowing in the eyes

Answer 12

A malfunction of the liver which is responsible for lipid metabolism, in this case, Bilirubin metabolism

Bilirubin is a highly lipophilic drug that when not metabolized can find its way into the bloodstream and easily diffuse into tissues leading to the yellowing of the eyes

Question 13

What is a poison

Answer 13

A drug with a very narrow or no safety dose range

Question 14

What is the clinical definition of a drug

Answer 14

Chemical substance used to
Prevent
Diagnose or
Treat disease(s)

Question 15

A drug generally has 3 names

What are they

Answer 15

Chemical name

Generic (non-proprietary) name

Brand (proprietary) name

Question 16

• What is edrophonium

Question 17

WHat are the factors that affect pharmacokinetics

Answer 17

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 18

What is bioavailabilty

Answer 18

TThe fraction of an administered drug that gets in the bloodstream/plasma in its unchanged form

Question 19

Which pharmacokinetic factor affects the therapeutic or toxic effect of the drug more

Answer 19

Drug absorption

Question 20

Is absorption rate directly or inversely proportional to molecular size

Answer 20

Inversely proportional

Question 21

A weak acidic drug In a strong acidic medi woud be predominantly in its not ionized form which is able to pass through membrane easily and get absorbed however the same weake acid drug in an alkaline medium is predominanty ionized and would not be anle to pass through membranes and would become ion trapped

Question 22

Orogastric for decontaminating the gi tractfrom toxins or poisons

Question 23

How does too much peristalsis affect drug absorption

Answer 23

Does not allow enough time to absorb drug

Question 24

Hepatic encephalopathy

Question 25

Wjat is the major factor that leadsnto preystematic drug loss

Answer 25

Hepatic metabolic inactivation of drugs

Question 26

How does the first pass effect affect bioavailability

Answer 26

Reduces the bioavailability