Pharmacology and Contrast Media Flashcards
the study of the way the body processes a drug
pharmacokinetics
study of the effects of drugs on the normal functions of the body
pharmacodynamics
a drug that produces such a specific action and promotes the desired result
agonist
antagonist
a drug that attaches itself to the receptor, preventing the agonist from acting
therapeutic effect to medication
purpose of the medication
side effect to the medication
effect other than the desired effect
toxic effect to medication
poisonous, potentially lethal
idiosyncratic effect to medication
overreaction, underreaction, unusual reaction
allergic response to medication
characteristic response to an allergen
synergystic effect to medication
responses to combined drugs that differ from the individual effects
medications to treat allergic reactions
antihistamines
absorption
a process involving the movement of a drug from the site of administration into the systemic circulation to produce a desired effect
allergen
substance to which a sensitivity has been established
analgesic
a drug that relieves pain
local anesthetic
injected to eliminate sensation in a specific area before a painful procedure
antidote
specific drug that treats a toxic effect
distribution
the means by which a drug travels from the bloodstream to the target tissue and the site of action
drug
substances used in diagnosis, treatment, or disease prevention, or as a component of medication
edema
swelling
efficacy
effectiveness
excretion
elimination of drugs from the body after they have been metabolized
generic
name for medication that identifies its chemical family
medication
substances prescribed for treatment that produce therapeutically useful effects
metabolized
physically and chemically changed
metabolite
the products of metabolism that can be excreted via the intestinal tract or the kidneys
narcotic
means “sleep inducing”
opiate
refers only to natural opium derivatives
opioid
any drug, natural or synthetic, that acts similarly to morphine
potency
strength of a particular drug or medication
potent
powerful
sedative use
primarily for preoperative procedures
tranquilizer
exert a quieting effect, reduce anxiety and mental tension
sublingual
under the tongue
buccal
inside the cheek
ampule
a small, sterile glass or plastic container that usually contains a single dose of medication
angina pectoris
chest pain
cathartic
a laxative preparation
diluent
a substance, usually a fluid, that makes a solution or mixture less concentrated or less viscous or more liquid
enteral
within the small intestine, or via small intestine. enteral route of medication refers to the placement of medications within the digestive tract
extravasation
a passage or escape from a blood or lymph vessel into the tissues, usually of blood, serum, or lymph. same as infiltration with respect to intravenous fluids
hematoma
a collection of extravasated blood trapped in the tissues of the skin or in an organ, resulting from trauma or incomplete hemostasis after surgery
hydrostatic pressure
the pressure exerted by a liquid. intravenous infusion is determined by the height of the fluid container with respect to the vein
infiltration
process whereby a fluid passes into the tissues, such as when a local anesthetic is administered or an intravenous infusion leaks from a vein
infusion
passive introduction of a substance into a vein or between tissues, as by gravitational force, slow or prolonged intravenous delivery of a drug or fluids
intermittent injection port
used for the addition of multiple additives to the additive port of an IV bag
intraarterial
within an artery
intradermal
within the dermis layer of the skin
intramuscular
within the muscle tissue, descriptive of parental injection sites
intrathecal
pertaining to a structure, process, or substance within a sheath, such as within the spinal canal
intravenous
within a vein, pertaining to an injection or infusion into a vein, may also apply to a thrombus or catheter
isotonic
pertaining to a liquid that has the same concentration of solute as human body fluid
normal saline solution
a 0.9% weight per volume solution of sodium chloride in water that is isotonic with blood. Available as a sterile solution for intravenous injection or infusion
parenteral
pertaining to treatment introduced into the body via a route other than through the digestive system
standing order
written document containing orders for the conduct of patient care in various stipulated clinical situations
subcutaneous
beneath the skin, descriptive of parental injection sites
sublingual
pertaining to the area beneath the tongue
topical
mode of medication administration in which the medication is applied to the surface of a part of the body
transdermal
through the skin, medication administration method using adhesive patches
IV bag should be ___ inches above level of vein
18-20 inches
if the patent’s face is pale
raise the feet 20 degrees
if the patient’s face is red
raise the head 20 degrees
six R’s to avoid errors
right dose, right medication, right patient, right time, right route, right documentation
negative contrast agent
air
positive contrast agent
(iodinated media) barium, iodide
atomic number of barium
56
atomic number of iodide
53
angle for intramuscular injection
90 degrees
angle for subcutaneous injection
45 degrees or 90 degrees
angle for intradermal injection
15 degrees
Lock and Key theory
enzyme’s active site and the shape of the substrate molecule are complementary to one another. This allows the substrate to fit into the enzyme
Hershprung disease
Colon enlargement due to no peristalsis, neurological deficiency
Another name for insulin
glucagon, gel like material, placed inside the patients cheek, also used in GI tract studies because it causes relaxation of the smooth muscles of the GI tract
Negative contrast agents
Air and Gases
Refers to the number of particles in solution per kilogram of water
Osmolality
A measure of the resistance of fluid to flow
Viscosity
To minimize adverse reactions
Focus on allergies, Check blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine levels
Vasovagal Reactions
Diaphoresis, Hypotension, Bradycardia
Treatment of vasovagal reactions
supine, elevate feet 20 degrees, elevate head if breathing is a problem
Severe (Anaphylaxis) Reactions treatment
Maintain airway, Call a code, Epinephrine
IVU
intravenous urogram
ERCP
a fiberoptic examination of the common bile duct performed with an endoscope
extravasation
when IV contrast goes under the skin
laxative preparation often prescribed to aid in cleansing the bowel
cathartic
Contrast exam of the internal surfaces of
the spinal canal
Myelography
Contrast exams of synovial joint structures
Contrast Arthrography
semisolid nugget oif medication that is inserted rectally
suppository
small bulging pouches develop in the digestive tract
diverticulitis
inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in your digestive tract
ulcerative colitis
swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum
hemorrhoids
another name for a toilet
commode
an abnormal passageway
fistula
contractions that propel food through the digestive tract
peristalsis
enlarged veins in the lower part of the esophagus that occur with liver disease
esophageal varices
protrusion of a portion of the stomach into the thoracic cavity
hiatal hernia
a redness and swelling (inflammation) of the lining of your belly or abdomen
peritonitis
law that tells you which drugs are illegal (includes marijuiana)
Harrison act
injection of nutrient or medicinal liquid into the small bowel
enteroclysis
height of barium enema bag
24 - 30 inches
substantial IV dose delivered rapidly where timing is key
bolus
refers to the number of particles in solution per kilogram of water
osmolality
media whose molecules remain whole in solution
nonionic
media whose molecules dissociate into two charges particles when placed in a solution
ionic
contrast media whose osmolality is equal to that of human blood
isosmolar solutions
organic nitrogen compound that triggers immune responses for allergic reactions
histamine
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
removal of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
