Infection Control + Preventing Disease Flashcards
HAI
Healthcare-associated infections
Clostridium difficile colitis
cdif, a gastrointestinal infection causing diarrhea, patients on antibiotics susceptible
Examples of bloodborne pathogens
HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis
MRSA
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Diseases that still use isolation
Cholera, diphtheria, smallpox, TB, plague, yellow fever, SARS, COVID
universal precautions
focused on barriers against bloodborne pathogens
body substance precautions
expanded protection to all moise body secretions
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
exposure control plan, signs and labels, annual bloodborne pathogen training
Medical asepsis
involves reducing the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to a susceptible individual
Microbial dilution
process of reducing the number of organism through disinfection and hand hygiene
Best way to kill HAI organism C-diff
Alcohol-based rubs
Fomite
object that is already infected (toothbrush used when sick)
Solution for cleaning HIV contaminated surfaces
1:10 solution of bleach and water
reverse isolation
tech is the one that protects immunocompromised patients with procedures (wearing a gown/mask)
Microorganisms that can cause infection
bacteria, rickettsiae, viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa
Cycle of infection list
infectious organisms, reservoir of infection, portal of exit, susceptible host, portal of entry, transmissions of disease
pathogen
any microorganism capable of producing disease
reservoir of infection
where pathogens can thrive in sufficient numbers to pose a threat (needs moisture, nutrients, suitable temp)
portal of exit
any route through which blood, body fluids, excretions, or secretions leave the body (open wound, GI tract, respiratory)
Susceptible host
individuals with a reduced immune system, patients are often hosts
Portal of entry
the route by which microorganisms gain access into the susceptible host
most direct way to break the cycle of infection
to prevent transmission of the infectious organism from the reservoir to the susceptible host
six main route of transmission of disease
direct contact, fomites, vectors, vehicles, airborne, droplet contamination
direct contact transfer
infected person must touch susceptible host, requires the pathogens to be placed in direct contact with susceptible tissue
vectors
an arthropod in whose body an infectious organism develops or multiplies before becoming infective to a new host
Examples of vectors
mosquitos for malaria, ticks for lyme disease
vehicles
any medium that transports microorganisms (food, water, drugs, blood)
Airborne
occurs from dust that contains spores or by means of droplet nucei (TB)
size of airborne particles
5 microns or smaller
droplet contamination
occurs when an infectious individual coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings in the vicinity of a susceptible host
Size and distance traveled of droplets
greater than 5 microns, travel 3 feet or less
examples of droplet contamination
influenza, meningitis, diphtheria, pertussis, streptococcal pneumonia
natural resistance
provided by mechanical marriers of intact skin and mucous membranes
acquired immunity
long term, occurs when an individual develops antibodies to a particular organism as a result of either infection or immunization
passive immunity
occurs following an injection of preformed antibodies to a particular infection
whooping cough classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, droplet, respiratory tract
pneumonia classification, transmission, body system
fungus, droplet, respiratory tract
diphtheria classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, droplet, respiratory tract
Tuberculosis classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, airborne, respiratory tract
mumps classification, transmission, body system
virus, droplet, respiratory tract
strep throat classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, droplet, respiratory tract
amebic dysentery classification, transmission, body system
protozoan, vehicle and contact, respiratory tract
infectious diarrhea classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, vehicle and contact, respiratory tract
giardiases classification, transmission, body system
protozoan, vehicle and contact, respiratory tract
poliomyelitis classification, transmission, body system
virus, vehicle and contact, respiratory tract
salmonellosis classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, vehicle and contace, respiratory tract
shingellosis (bacillary dysentery) classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, vehicle and contact, respiratory tract
cystitis, nephritis classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, contact, genitourinary tract
genital herpes classification, transmission, body system
virus, sexual contact, genitourinary tract
gonorrhea classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, sexual contact, genitourinary tract
syphilis classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, sexual contact, genitourinary tract
chickenpox and shingles classification, transmission, body system
virus, contact and airborne, skin
fever blisters classification, transmission, body system
virus, contact and predisposition, skin
measels classification, transmission, body system
virus, airborne, skin
surgical wound infection classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, contact, skin
boils and wound infection classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, contact, skin
ringworm and athlete’s foot classification, transmission, body system
fungus, contact and predisposition, skin
malaria classification, transmission, body system
protozoan, vectors(mosquitos), blood
typhoid fever classification, transmission, body system
bacterium, vehicle and contact, blood
Nosocomial infection
Hospital-acquired infection
Order of aseptic technique
Hand hygiene, cap, mask, gown, fasten, gloves
