Pharmacology

Question 1

Tranexamic Acid (what, how, when, contra)

Answer 1

What:
Lysine derivative

How:
Competitively blocks Plasmin binding to Fibrin
Results in decrease in Fibrinolysis
IV = Oral = Topical

When:
Reduce blood loss
No risk of DVT

Contraindicated:
CVA, CAD
Side effect: reduced seizure threshold

Question 2

Aminocaproid acid (what, how, when, contra

Answer 2

What:
Lysine derivative

How:
Competitively inhibits Plasmin

When:
Reduce blood loss

Cheaper than TXA, no decreased seizure threshold

Question 3

Bisphosphonates (what, how, when, contra)

Answer 3

What:
High affinity to calcium, targets Osteoclasts

How:
Prevent formation of ruffled border microtubules on Ostoclast, causing apoptosis
No osteoclast bone resorption

When:
Osteoporosis
AVN
Cancer

Contra:
Severe renal disease
Lumbar fusion surgery

Question 4

Botox, how does it work, how long does it take to work?

Answer 4

Botulinium toxin Type A
Blocks acetylcholine release at the NMJ.
Peak effect at 4/52
Lasts 3-4/12

Question 5

What is Baclofen

Answer 5

GABA analogue