Pharmacology

Question 1

What are the 6 Rights of Medication

Answer 1

Person
Time
Medication
Dose
Route
Documentation

Question 2

percutaneous

Answer 2

applied to and absorbed through the skin

Question 3

enteral

Answer 3

absorbed somewhere along the GI tract

Question 4

parenteral

Answer 4

any route of administration that does not cause the drug to be absorbed through the skin, mucous membranes, or GI tract.

Question 5

pharmacokinetics

Answer 5

time required for absorption
duration of action
distribution in the body
method of excretion

Question 6

chemical name

Answer 6

describes the drug’s chemical makeup

Question 7

generic name

Answer 7

general name for the drug

Question 8

trade name

Answer 8

brand name

Question 9

afferent nerves

Answer 9

carry sensory impulses from all parts of the body to the brain

Question 10

efferent nerves

Answer 10

carry messages from the brain to the muscles and all other organs of the body.

Question 11

peripheral nervous system

Answer 11

consists of all nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cord and is separated into two: somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 12

autonomic nervous system

Answer 12

part of PNS
sends sensory impulses from internal structures (blood vessels, heart, organs) and sends them through afferent nerves to the brain.
divides into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 13

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 13

PNS-ANS
responsible for fight or flight response
key player in the regulation of hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and trauma.

Question 14

what are the primary chemical messengers of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 14

norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 15

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

PNS-ANS

rest and relaxation and digestion

Question 16

ROA: topical

Answer 16

hours to days

Question 17

ROA: oral

Answer 17

30-90 minutes

Question 18

ROA: rectal

Answer 18

5-30 minutes (unpredictable)

Question 19

ROA: SC injection

Answer 19

15-30 minutes

Question 20

ROA: IM injection

Answer 20

10-20 minutes

Question 21

ROA: SL tablet

Answer 21

3-5 minutes

Question 22

ROA: SL spray

Answer 22

3 minutes

Question 23

ROA: inhalation

Answer 23

3 minutes

Question 24

ROA: IO

Answer 24

60 seconds

considered best alternate route if no IV access

Question 25

ROA: IV

Answer 25

30-60 seconds

Question 26

analgesics

Answer 26

medications that relieve pain

Question 27

anesthetics

Answer 27

induce a loss of sensation to touch or pain

Question 28

sympathomimetics

Answer 28

stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, by stimulating the adrenal medulla so that it releases norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 29

alpha-1 receptors

Answer 29

produce peripheral vasoconstriction, are associated with mild bronchoconstriction, and speed metabolism. found in vascular smooth muscle (peripheral blood vessels, bladder neck, prostate)

Question 30

alpha-2 receptors

Answer 30

control the release of norepinephrine | found on the pre-synaptic nerve terminals

Question 31

beta-1 receptors

Answer 31

increase the HR, cause cardiac muscle to contract, strengthen cardiac contraction, produce automaticity, and trigger cardiac electrical conduction found in cardiac muscle cell membrane

Question 32

beta-2 receptors

Answer 32

stimulate vasodilation and bronchodilation | found in smooth and cardiac muscles

Question 33

chronotropic

Answer 33

medications that affect the heart rate

Question 34

inotropic

Answer 34

changes in the force of contraction

Question 35

dromotropic

Answer 35

alters the velocity of the conduction of electricity through the heart

Question 36

antiarrhythmic meds

Answer 36

sodium channel blockers beta blockers potassium channel blockers calcium channel blockers

Question 37

sodium channel blockers

Answer 37

slow the conduction through the heart

Question 38

beta blockers

Answer 38

reduce the adrenergic stimulation of the beta receptors

Question 39

potassium channel blockers

Answer 39

increase the heart's contractility and work against the reentry of blocked impulses

Question 40

calcium channel blockers

Answer 40

block the inflow of calcium into the cardiac cells, thereby decreasing the force of contraction and automaticity.