Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Other Systems Content App > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Hormone Replacement Agents

  • Action
  • Indications
  • Side Effects
  • Implications for PT
  • Examples
A
  • Action: these agents restore normal endocrine function when endogenous production of a particular hormone is deficient or absent
  • Indications: decrease in endogenous hormone secretion

Side Effects: vary by exogenous or synthetic hormone replacement used for TX

  • Implications for PT: PR must be aware of S/S of hormone deficit and side effects of hormone therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hyperfunction Agents

  • Action
  • Indications
  • Side Effects
  • Implications for PT
  • Examples
A
  • Action: manage hyperactive endocrine function to allow for inhibition of hormone function. This is accomplished through negative feedback loops or through hormone antagonists
  • Indications: hyperactive or excessive endocrine function, excessive hormone levels
  • Side Effects: Vary depending on the use of exogenous or synthetic hormone therapy
  • Implications for PT: PT must be aware of signs of hyperfunction of particular hormones and side effects from agents that attempt to regulate and normalize hormone functioning
  • Examples: see specific hormone categories
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bone Mineral Regulating Agents

  • Action
  • Indications
  • Side Effects
  • Implications for PT
  • Examples
A
  • Action: Bone mineral regulating agents attempt to enhance and maximize bone mass along with preventing bone loss or rate of bone reabsorption.
  • Indications: Paget’s disease, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, rickets, hypoparathyroidism, osteomalacia
  • Side Effects: gastrointestinal distress, dyspepsia, dysphagia, anorexia, bone pain, cardiac arrhythmias
  • Implications for PT: Pt with bone mineralization deficit are at risk for fracture and side effects from drug therapy. PT must be aware of potential side effects and should attempt to augment drug therapy through ambulation and other WB activities that stimulate bone formation
  • Examples: estrogen, Ca and Vitamin D, calderol, bisphosphate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antacid agents

  • Action
  • Indications
  • Side Effects
  • Implications for PT
  • Examples
A
  • Action: are used to chemically neutralize gastric acid and incr the intragastric pH. Primary antacids are classified as aluminum- containing, calcium carbonate-containing , magnesium containing or sodium bicarbonate-containing
  • Indications: episodic minor gastric indigestion or heartburn, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • Side Effects: acid rebound phenomenon, constipation or diarrhea, may affect metabolism of other medication, electrolyte imbalances
  • Implications for PT: Since these agents are well tolerated, there are typically no side effects that interfere with PT. Pt are more likely to participate in therapy with effective management of gastrointestinal issues using these agents
  • Examples: aluminum-containing; Calcium carbonate-containing; milk of magnesium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

antibiotics

A

-Action antibiotics are prescribed to treat H. Pylori infection with the goal of facilitating more rapid healing of associated gastric ulcerations

  • Indications: H. Pylori bacteria
  • Side Effects: hypersensitivity, diarrhea
  • Implications for PT: PT should be aware of potential side effects in order to respond appropriately especially with regard to severe dermatologic and respiratory reactions which may be associated with hypersensitivity
  • Examples: metronidazole, tetracycline, clarithromycin, amoxicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anticholinergic

A
  • Action: anticholinergic block the effects of acetylcholine on parietal cells in the stomach and release of gastric acid
  • Indications: gastric ulcers
  • Side Effects: drymouth, confusion, constipation, urinary retention
  • Implications for PT: PT should be aware of potential side effects in order to respond appropriately to changes in cognition or complaints of dry mouth, constipation or urinary retention
  • Examples: castrozepin, muscarinic cholinergic antagonist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

antidiarrheal agents

A
  • Action: antidiarrheal agents are used to slow the serious debilitating effects of dehydration associated with prolonged diarrhea. There are multiple classes of antidiarrheal agents
  • Indications: prolonged diarrhea
  • Side Effects: constipation, abdominal discomfort
  • Implications for PT: since these agents are well tolerated there are typically no side effects that interfere with PT. Pt are more likely to participate in therapy with effective management of gastrointestinal issues using these agents
  • Examples: donnagel, kapectolin, Pepto-Bismol, motofen, imodium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antiemetic agents

A
  • Action: used to decr symptoms of nausea and vomiting
  • Indications: nausea associated with motion sickness, anesthesia, pain or oncology TX
  • Side Effects: agent dependent, but can include sedation, dysrhythmias and pain
  • Implications for PT: antihistamine antiemetic agents frequently cause sedative effects which can be limiting to PT interventions. many other antiemetic agents are typically well tolerated ands should not significantly interfere with therapy interventions
  • Examples: scopolamine, meclizine etc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Emetic agents

A
    • Action: used to induce vomiting
  • Indications: to induce vomiting; usually after ingestion of a toxic substance
  • Side Effects: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and upper GI erosion may occur with inappropriate or prolonged usage
  • Implications for PT: the medical concerns associated with administration of an emetic agent should be addressed prior to initiation or resumption of tehrapy interventions. therapy should be deferred if a patient is actively vomiting
  • Examples: apomorphine, Ipecac
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

H2 Receptor Blockers

A
  • Action: H2 receptor blockers bind specifically to histamine receptors to prevent the histamine-activated release of gastric acid normally stimulated during food intake
  • Indications: dyspepsia, acute and long-term TX of peptic ulcer, GERD
  • Side Effects: HA, dizzy, mild gastrointestinal distress, tolerance, arthralgia, acid rebound with discontinuation of agent
  • Implications for PT: since these agents are well tolerated there are typically no side effects that interfere with PT. Pt are more likely to participate in therapy with effective management of gastrointestinal issues using these agents
  • Examples: Tagamet, Pepcid, zantac
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Laxative agents

A
  • Action: used to facilitate bowel evacuation and should be used sparingly
  • Indications: to promote defecation
  • Side Effects: nausea, abdominal discomfort, cramping, electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, dependence with prolonged use
  • Implications for PT: if the laxative was recently ingested, physical discomfort may temporarily limit patient participation in therapy interventions. pt may also express concern about tx occurring in areas that do not have easy access to restroom
  • Examples: milk of magnesia, Metamucil,
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Protein Pump inhibitors

A
  • Action: inhibit the H=/K= -ATPase enzyme, blocking secretions of acid from gastric cells into the stomach. these agents prevent erosive esophagitis and may also possess antyibacterial effects against H. pylori
  • Indications: dyspepsia, GERD
  • Side Effects: acid rebound phenomenon when discontinued after prolonged use
  • Implications for PT: Since these agents are well tolerated, there are typically no side effects that interfere with PT. Pt are more likely to participate in therapy with effective management of gastrointestinal issues using these agents
  • Examples: prevacid, Nexium, Prilosec, protonix, acipHex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

overactive Bladder Agents

A
  • Action: relieve the symptoms of an overactive bladder. This condition is noted by involuntary contractions of the bladder
  • Indications: urinary urgency, urinary freq, urge incontinence, nocturia
  • Side Effects: widely vary based on drug classification; typically gastrointestinal; distress, nauseas, dizziness, photosensitivity HS, constipation, pulmonary reactions
  • Implications for PT: therapists should be aware of the adverse effects of these agents, however, these agents do not typically interfere with rehab. PT should communicate any signs of pulmonary impairment or distress to the physician
  • Examples: Ditropan, detrol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Urinary Anti-infective agents

A
  • Action: treat urinary tract infections, but are not traditional antibiotics or sulfonamide agents, these agents can be used independently or in combination to treat urinary infections
  • Indications cystitis, urinary urgency, burning with urination, UTI, nocturia
  • Side Effects: widely vary based on drug classification; gastrointestinal distress, nausea, dizziness, photosensitivity, HA, constipation, rash
  • Implications for PT: PT should be aware of the adverse effects however, these agents do not typically interfere with rehab
  • Examples: Cinobac, Furadantin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

alkylating agents

A
  • Action: bind the DNA strands together to prevent replication. if the DNA cannot untwist, then it cannot divide and replicate its genetic code. agents initiate cell death by disrupting DNA function and releasing enzymes that destroy the cell
  • Indications: various malignancies
  • Side Effects: vary
  • Implications for PT: PT must be aware of the chemo regimen and modify TX based on the pt’s symptoms and side effects from cancer tx
  • Examples: mustargen, busulfex, leukeran
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

antibiotic agents

A
  • Action: used with tx of cancer due to their high toxicity and ability to interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis and subsequent cell division
  • Indications: various malignancies
  • Side Effects: vary by class of drugs and by specific agent
  • Implications for PT: PT must be aware of the chem regimen.
  • Examples: Adriamycin, mithracin, cosmegen
17
Q

antimetabolite agents

A
  • Action: impair biosynthesis of gentic material ansd interrupt the cellular pathways that synthesize DNA and RNA. these agents create an impostor to the endogenous metabolites within the body to form a nonfunctional genetic product that is incapable of reproduction
  • Indications: various malignancies
  • Side Effects: vary by class of drugs and by specific agent
  • Implications for PT: PT must be aware of chemo regimen
  • Examples: leustatin, adrucil, fludara
18
Q

antianxiety agents

A
  • Action: collectively target the CNS through facilitating the effects of GABA or targeting dopamine and serotonin within the brain. benzodiazepines, azapirones, and certain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants treat various anxiety disorders
  • Indications: general anxiety disorder, social anxiety, panic disorder OCD, PTSD
  • Side Effects: drowsiness, sedation, withdrawal symptoms including rebound anxiety
  • Implications for PT: similar concerns as with sedative-hypnotic agents; PT can also implement alternate methods to decr stress and anxiety including exercise and physical activity, massage, relaxation techniques, and stress management education
  • Examples: benzodiazepines, Xanax, valium, Ativan, azapirones
19
Q

antidepressants

A
  • Action: classified as tricyclic, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors attempt to incr aminergic transmnission and normalize neurotransmission activity
  • Indications: depression
  • Side Effects: vary
  • Implications for PT: PT should typically see improvement in a patient’s affect with drugs for depression. PT must be aware of side effects such as sedation, fatigue, HTN, or orthostatic hypotension.
  • Examples: tricyclics; MAOIs; SSRI, paxil
20
Q

antipsychotic agents

A
  • Action: block dopamine receptors and reduce the overactivity of dopamine typically transmitted in areas such as the limbic system.
  • Indications: schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, Alzheimer’s disease
  • Side Effects: traditional agents produce increased extrapyramidal side effects, tardive dyskinesia, pseudoparkinism, etc
  • Implications for PT: these agents assist pt to participate in PT by decr their symptoms of psychoses and allowing for an incr attention span, diminished agitation and restlessness, improved sense of reality, and an overall normalization of their behavioral and affect
  • Examples: Haldol, thorazine; atypical, abilify

Other Systems Content App (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions