Genitourinary System

Question 1

Genital System

Answer 1

• the genital system consists of the male and female gonads and associated ducts, external genitalia, and associated hormones that all function for reproduction

Question 2

Renal system

Answer 2

• consists of 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, and the urethra that function to form and eliminate urine

Question 3

Parts of the female Genital system

Answer 3

• external genitalia
• Vagina
• Uterus
• Uterine tubes
• Ovaries

Question 4

Parts of the male genital system

Answer 4

• Penis
• Scrotum
• Testes
• Ductus/vas deferens
• Epididymis
• seminal vesicles
• Prostate

Question 5

Parts of the Renal system

Answer 5

• Kidneys
• ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra

Question 6

Renal Failure

Answer 6

• condition in which the kidneys experience a decr in glomerular filtration rate and fail to adequately filter toxins and waste from the blood
• Can be classified as: Acute, Chronic, End-stage
• Etiology: typically secondary to DM or HTN but can also occur from poison, trauma, and genetics.

Question 7

Acute Renal Failure ARF

Answer 7

• Sudden decline in renal function
• incr in BUN and creatine
• Oliguria, hyperkalemia, sodium retention

Question 8

ARF Prerenal etiology

Answer 8

• is secondary to a decr in blood flow typically due to shock, hemorrhage, burn or pulmonary embolism

Question 9

ARF postrenal etiology:

Answer 9

secondary to obstruction distal to kidney due to neoplams, stone or prostates hypertrophy

Question 10

ARF intrarenal etiology:

Answer 10

-secondary to primary damage of renal tissue due to toxins, intrarenal ischemia or vascular disorders

Question 11

Chronic Renal Failure CRF

Answer 11

• Progressive deterioration in renal function
• DM
• Severe HTN
• Glomerulopathies
• obstructive uropathy
• Interstitial nephritis
• polycystic kidney disease

Question 12

S/S of renal failure

Answer 12

• Symptoms or renal failure vary based on severity of the condition and can include nausea, vomiting, lethargy, weakness, hiccups, anorexia, ulceration within the GI tract, sleep disorders, HA, peripheral neuropathy, anemia, pruritis, osteomalacia, ecchymosis, pulmonary edema, seizures and coma

Question 13

Treatment of ARF

Answer 13

• management of primary etiology, pharmacological intervention, dieuretics, nutritional support, hydration, hemodialysis and/or transfusions if applicable

Question 14

Treatment of CRF

Answer 14

• conservative manegemnt and renal replacemnt therapy

- conservative management assists with slowing the process and assisting the body in its compensation.

Question 15

renal replacement therapy

Answer 15

• includes some form of hemodialysis and/or organ transplant
• peritoneal dialysis is a form of renal replacement therapy that uses the peritoneal cavity as a semi-permeable membrane between the dialysate fluid and blood vessels of the abdominal cavity

Question 16

Urinary incontinence

Answer 16

• involuntary loss of urine that is great enough to be problematic for the person and typically occurs when bladder pressure exceeds sphincter resistance

Question 17

GEneral TX for urinary incontinence

Answer 17

• pelvic floor muscle training using biofeedback, lifestyle modifications, bladder retraining, prompted voiding programs, urge suppression strategies, myofascial release, visceral mobilization, body mechanics, abdominal strengthening and stretching exercises of surrounding muscles

Question 18

stress Urinary incontinence

Answer 18

• is the loss of urine due to activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as sneezing, coughing, laughing, running and jumping

Question 19

Urge urinary incontinence

Answer 19

• loss of urine after a sudden, intense urge to void due to the detrusor muscle of the bladder involuntarily contracting during bladder filling
• most common incontinence in the geriatric population and among residents in long-term care facilities

Question 20

TX of urge urinary incontinence

Answer 20

• behavior modification is the primary goal of tx for this condition.
• Biofeedback, pelvic floor strengthening, and bladder retraining are key components in resolving urge urinary incontinence
• pharmacological intervention may also be warranted

Question 21

Overflow Urinary Incontinence

Answer 21

• loss of urine when the intra-bladder pressure exceeds teh urethra’s capacity to remain closed due to urinary retention
• Pt may also experience difficulty initiating the urine stream. once the stream is initiated, it is weak and presents with post void dribble
• caused by outflow obstruction secondary to a narrowed urethra that results from a prolapsed pelvic organ, a stricture an enlarged prostate, chronic constipation or neurological disease

Question 22

TX for Overflow Urinary Incontinence

Answer 22

• will likely include surgical intervention if there is an obstruction
• if there is weakness of the detrusor muscles, double voiding is recommended for these patients as well as other strengthening measures
• failed intervention may result in intermittent catheterization

Question 23

Functional Urinary Incontinence

Answer 23

• loss of urine due to inability or unwillingness of a person to use the bathroom facilities prior to involuntary bladder release
• decr level of mental awareness or a decr in mobility are the two primary causative factors for functional urinary incontinence.
• rarely seen without another bladder issue or neurological involvement
• Pt with impaired cognition and/or mobility and will experience incontinence secondary to the inability to successfully use a bathroom to void

Question 24

TX for Functional Urinary Incontinence

Answer 24

• tx should be directed to alleviate the underlying issue,
• improving mobility, modifying clothing style, incr independence with ambulation and with function will assist with decreasing functional incontinence
• may require behavioral toileting schedule or program to decr incontinence