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Phase 2a Questions > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Drug Targets

A
  1. Receptors
  2. Enzymes
  3. Transporters
  4. Ion channels
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2
Q

Affinity and efficacy

A

Affinity = how well ligand binds to receptor
(antagonists + agonists)
Efficacy = how well a ligand activates receptor
(agonists)

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3
Q

Tolerance

A

Reduction in drug effect over time

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4
Q

Desensitisation of receptors

A
  1. Uncoupled - can’t interact with G protein
  2. Internalised - in vesicle
  3. Degradation
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5
Q

B blockers - contraindication

A

Asthma

Bronchoconstriction

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6
Q

Compartments of water

A
  1. Intracellular 2/3
  2. Extracellular 1/3
    - Plasma (20% of ECF)
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7
Q

Movement between compartments

A
  1. Simple Diffusion
  2. Facilitated Diffusion
  3. Non-ionic diffusion
  4. Active transport
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8
Q

Stages of Pharmacokinetics

A
  1. Absorption
  2. Distribution
  3. Metabolism
  4. Excretion
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9
Q

Bioavailability

A

Amount of drug taken up as proportion of amount administered

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10
Q

Reporting ADRs

A
  1. MHRA Yellow Card scheme
    - All suspected for new medicines
    - All in children
    - All serious reactions
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11
Q

Naloxone

A
  1. Competitive receptor antagonist of morphine

2. Correct morphine overdose - resp depression

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12
Q

Therapeutic index

A

Dosage difference between therapeutic effect and toxic affect
Simvistatin

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13
Q

Types of ADRs

A 
ABCDE 
A - Augmented (extension of clinical effect)
B - Bizarre (unexpected
C - Chronic (LT therapy)
D - Delayed (many years)
E - End of use (withdrawal)
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14
Q

Adherence

A

Extent to which patient’s actions match agreed recommendations

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15
Q

Anaphylaxis

A
  1. Type 1 hypersensitivity
  2. IgE mediated
  3. Prior exposure to drug
  4. Mast cell degranulation
    - Histamine
    - Thromboxane / prostaglandins
    - TNF
  5. Rash
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16
Q

Half life

A

Time taken for plasma drug concentration to fall to half of its original value

17
Q

Adreno-receptors

A 
A1 = vasconstricion, pupil dilation + bladder contraction
A2 = presynaptic inhibition of neuroadrenaline --> reduce insulin release
B1 = increase HR + force + electrical conduction, more renin + increased BP
B2 = bronchodilation, vasodilation + less GI motility
B3 = more lipolysis, relax bladder
18
Q

Type 2 diabetes - Treatment

A
  1. Lifestyle + dietary changes
  2. Biguanide - Oral Metformin
  3. Sulfonylurea - Oral gliclazide (HbA1c >53mmol/L 16wks)
  4. HbA1c >57mmol/L 6mths
    - Isophane insulin
19
Q

Hyperkalaemia - Treatment

A

Calcium gluconate

20
Q

Hepatic extraction ratio

A

Proportion of drug removed by one passage through liver

21
Q

EC50

A

EC50 = conc that gives half the maximal response

Phase 2a Questions (14 decks)

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