Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Acute inflammation - Definition

A
  1. Initial + transient series of tissue reactions to injury

2. Appendicitis

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2
Q

Hyperplasia - definition

A
  1. Increase in cell number by mitosis

2. Benign prostate hyperplasia

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3
Q

Granuloma - Definition

A
  1. Aggregate of epitheliod histocytes

2. Crohn’s disease

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4
Q

Disorders of development of growth - Classification

A
  1. Congenital = present at birth
  2. Genetic
    a. Inherited = inherited genetic abnormality
    (Familial adenomatous polyposis AD)
    b. Spontaneous = spontaneous mutation
  3. Non genetic - environmental = acquired by environmental factors (fetal alcohol syndrome)
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5
Q

Cells that can regenerate

A
  1. Hepatocytes
  2. Pneumocytes
  3. All blood cells
  4. Gut/skin epi
  5. Osteocytes
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6
Q

Cells that can’t regenerate

A
  1. Myocardial cells

2. Neurones

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7
Q

Acute inflammation - Outcomes

A
  1. Resolution (acute lobar pneumonia)
  2. Suppuration
  3. Organisation
  4. Progression to chronic inflammation
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8
Q

Malignant tumour

A
  1. Invasive
  2. Not all metastatic (basal cell carcinoma)
  3. Rapid growth - irregular border
  4. Don’t resemble parent cells
  5. pleomorphic nuclei (vary shape and size)
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9
Q

Adenoma

A
  1. Benign tumour of glandular/secretory epi

2. Prefix with cell type of origin

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10
Q

Screening programmes

A
  1. Cervical cancer
  2. Breast cancer
  3. Colorectal cancer
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11
Q

Carcinogen

A
  1. Environmental agent participating in causation of tumours
  2. Carcinogenic (malignant)
  3. Oncogenic (tumour)
  4. Act on DNA
  5. Eg asbestos
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12
Q

Lipoma

A

Benign tumour of adipocytes

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13
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A
  1. Malignant tumour of glandular epi

2. Coupled w name of tissue of origin

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14
Q

Carcinoma

A
  1. Malignant tumour of epi

2. Prefixed by name of epi cell type

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15
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign tumour of SM cells

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16
Q

Anaplastic

A
  1. Do not know origin

2. Anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid = v low survival rate

17
Q

Inflammation

A

Local physiological response to tissue injury

18
Q

Chronic inflammation - Causes

A
  1. Primary chronic inflammation
  2. Transplant rejection
  3. Progression from acute inflammation
  4. Recurrent episodes of acute inflammation
19
Q

Virchow’s triangle

A
  1. Stasis of blood flow
  2. Endothelial injury
  3. Hyper coagulability
20
Q

Arterial thrombosis - Treatment

A
  1. Anti-platelets (aspirin/clopidogrel)
21
Q

Venous thrombosis - Treatment

A
  1. Anti-coagulants (warfarin/heparin)

New oral anticoagulant drugs

22
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of CT

23
Q

Carcinomas to bone

A

BRRRRRS

  1. Bronchus (lung)
  2. Breast
  3. Bridney
  4. Bryroid
  5. Brostate
24
Q

Metastasis sequence of events

A
  1. Invasion - Erosion of tissue boundaries
  2. Intravasation - into lumen of vessels
  3. Evasion of host defence
  4. Adhere to endo
  5. Extravasation - to surrounding tissue
  6. Angiogenesis - own blood vessels
25
Q

Atheromatous plaque constituents

A
  1. Central lipid core
  2. Fibrous cap
  3. Smooth M cells
  4. Lymphocytes
  5. Macrophages
26
Q

Hypertrophy

A

An increase in size of tissue due to an increase in size of individual cell (w/out cell division)

27
Q

Lymphoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of lymphoid cells

28
Q

Melanoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

29
Q

Benign CT/mesenchymal tumours

A
  1. Named after cell of origin
  2. Suffix = oma
  3. Neuroma = benign tumour of N