GU

Question 1

Benign prostatic hyperplasia - Treatment

Answer 1

1. Relax when voiding and double voiding
2. Alpha 1 antagonists (oral tamsulosin) –> relax SM in bladder neck
3. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor (oral finasteride) –> testosterone =/ dihydrotestoserone (less prostatic growth)
4. Transurethral resection of prostate
5. Transurethral incision of prostate

Question 2

Polycystic disease Autosomal dominant - Extrarenal presentation

Answer 2

1. Berry aneurysm - SAH
2. Polycystic liver disease
3. Pancreatitis
4. Mitral valve prolapse
5. Diverticular disease

Question 3

Bladder cancer - Risk factors

Answer 3

1. Smoking
2. Occupational exposure to carcinogens
3. Schistomiasis (parasite) —> chronic inflammation of urinary tract
4. Male
5. Family history

Question 4

Cystitis - Treatment

Answer 4

1. Trimethoprim / cefalexin

2. Ciprofloxacin / co-amoxiclav

Question 5

Renal Cell Carcinoma - Presentation

Answer 5

1. Haematuria
2. Flank pain
3. Abdominal mass
4. Invasion of L renal V –> compress L testicular V (varicocele)
5. Anaemia (less EPO)

Question 6

Kidney functions

Answer 6

1. Secrete waste/excess
2. Synthesis erythropoietin
3. Activate 25 hydroxy vit D –> 1,25 dihydroxy vit D
4. Control BP

Question 7

Chronic Kidney disease - Causes

Answer 7

1. DM 2>1
2. Hypertension
3. Glomerulonephritis
4. Polycystic Kidney disease
5. SLE

Question 8

Erectile dysfunction - Definition

Answer 8

Inability to gain and maintain an erection long enough to receive sexual satisfaction

Question 9

Nephrotic Syndrome - Presentation

Answer 9

Triad of

1. Proteinuia >3.5g/24hrs
2. Hypoalbuminaemia
3. Oedema
4. Severe hyperlipidaemia –> albumin loss –> liver overdrive –> raised cholesterol
5. Frothy urine

Question 10

Nephrotic Syndrome - Causes

Answer 10

1. DM
2. RA/SLE
3. Amyloid
4. Infections
5. Malignancy

Question 11

Storage symptoms

Answer 11

1. Urgency
2. Nocturia >30% at night
3. Freq
4. Overflow incontinence

Question 12

Voiding symptoms

Answer 12

1. Poor intermittent stream
2. Hesitancy
3. Incomplete emptying
4. Post micturition dribbling
5. Straining
6. Haematuria
7. Dysuria (pain)

Question 13

Stress incontinence - Treatment

Answer 13

1. Pelvic floor exercises
2. Duloxetine
3. Sling
4. Artificial sphincter

Question 14

Prostate cancer - Risk factors

Answer 14

1. Family history
2. Afro-Carribean
3. HOXB13 gene
4. BRCA2 gene
5. Increasing age

Question 15

Sexually transmitted infections - Aetiology

Answer 15

1. Chlamydia trachomatis
   (gram -ve)
2. Neisseria gonorrhoea
   (gram -ve diplococci)

Question 16

Chlamydia - Treatment

Answer 16

1. Partner management
2. Oral azithromycin stat or oral doxycycline for 7 days
3. Preg - Erythromycin for 14 days or azithromycin stat
4. Test for other STIs

Question 17

Gonorrhea - Treatment

Answer 17

1. PArtner notification
2. Test for other STIs
3. IM ceftriaxone w azithromycin stat

Question 18

Chronic Kidney Disease- Classification

Answer 18

1 - eGFR >90mL/min
2. 60-89
3A 45-59
3B 30-44
4 15-29
5 <15

Question 19

Renal stones - Composition

Answer 19

1. Ca oxalate (C)
2. Ca phosphate
3. Uric acid

Question 20

Bladder carcinoma - Presentation

Answer 20

1. Painless haematuria
2. Recurrent UTIs
3. Voiding irritability

Question 21

Nephritis Syndrome (glomerulonephritis) - Presentation

Answer 21

1. Haematuria
2. Proteinuria <2g in 24hrs
3. Hypertension
4. Oedema
5. Oliguria

Question 22

UTI - Definition

Answer 22

> 10^5 organisms/ml of fresh mid-stream urine

Question 23

UTI - causative organisms

Answer 23

KEEPS
K = Klebsiella
E = E. coli
E = Enterococci
P = Proteus
S = Staph spp (coagulase -ve)

Question 24

UTI - Urine dipstick

Answer 24

1. Positive nitrites
(nitrates --> nitrites)
2. Leucocyte elastase
3. Positive leucocytes
4. Foul smelling urine
5. Proteinuria