Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

People and Illness > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
People You Should Know flashcards
1
Q

Define pharmacokinetics

A

Science of the rate of movement of drugs within biological systems, affected by the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define pharmacodynamics

A

the study of the biochemical and physiologic process underlying drug action including mechanism of drug action, drug receptor interaction, efficacy and safety profile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is bioavailability?

A

the fraction of the administered dose of the drug which reaches the systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What factors affect bioavailability?

A

Molecular weight / ionisation
absorption
absorption (gastric pH, health of GI tract)
first pass metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the apparent volume of distribution?

A

Total amount of drug in the body divided by the drug blood plasma concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is clearance?

A

The volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is half-life?

A

Time required for serum plasma concentration to decrease by half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many half lives does it take for a drug to reach a steady state or to be completely cleared?

A

4-5 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In non-linear pharmacokinetics dosage increases can saturate binding sites and result in non-proportional increases in drug levels. T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Loading doses are used for drugs with a short half-life. T/F?

A

False - used for drugs with a long half-life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is morphine prescribing altered when changing from an oral to sub cut dose?

A

Prescribe 1/3 of the oral dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At what dose is phenytoin prescribed?

A

15mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Renal function affects the loading dose. T/F?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Renal function affects maintenance dose. T/F?

A

True - it depends on drug clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the different types of drug receptors.

A

Regulatory proteins
enzymes
transport molecules
structural proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is affinity?

A

A measure of the propensity of a drug to bind to a receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is efficacy?

A

The ability of a bound drug to change the receptor in a way which produces an effect

18
Q

Potency is clinically relevant. T/F?

A

False

19
Q

Agonists have affinity and efficacy. What about antagonists?

A

Antagonists have affinity but not efficacy

20
Q

How can the actions of competitive antagonists be reversed?

A

By increasing agonist concentration

21
Q

How is therapeutic index calculated?

A

TI = TD50 or LD50 / ED50

22
Q

Drugs acting on the same receptor or enzyme system often have the same TI. T/F?

A

True

23
Q

GFR declines with age. T/F?

A

True

24
Q

Give examples of drugs which have increased effects in older people.

A

Fentanyl, diazepam, alcohol, morphine, theophylline

25
Q

Give examples of drugs which have a diminished effect in older people.

A

Isoproterenol

beta blockers

26
Q

Polypharmacy is a risk for drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions. T/F?

A

True

27
Q

Give common examples of drug-drug reactions.

A

Statins and erythromycin/other antibiotics
verapamil and beta blockers
warfarin and aspirin
ACE inhibitors and sulphonylureas

28
Q

What is the side effect of using decongestants or anticholinergics in benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Urinary retention

29
Q

What drugs can worsen constipation?

A

Calcium
Anticholinergics
Calcium channel blockers

30
Q

Give examples of drugs which lower seizure thresholds.

A

neuroleptics

quinolone

31
Q

Give an example of a drug which can exacerbate chronic heart disease.

A

NSAIDs

32
Q

How does renal disease affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?

A

Decreased elimination, protein binding and hepatic metabolism
alters sensitivity to drug effects
increased adverse events

33
Q

Give examples of drugs which should be avoided in renal disease.

A

Metformin

NSAIDs

34
Q

Give examples of drugs whose dose should be reduced in renal disease

A

Antibiotics
digoxin
phenytoin

35
Q

How does hepatic impairment affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

A

First pass metabolism
activation of prodrugs
decreased protein binding
decreased elimination

36
Q

Give examples of drugs which increase bioavailability

A

chlormethiazole
verapamil
paracetamol

37
Q

Give examples of drugs which decrease bioavailability

A

enalapril

perindopril

38
Q

How is dosing interval affected by renal disease?

A

Require increased dosing interval

39
Q

How is dosing interval affected by hepatic disease?

A

Require increased dosing interval

40
Q

How is dosing interval affected by cystic fibrosis?

A

Decreased dosing interval

People and Illness (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions