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People and Illness > Alcohol Dependence > Flashcards

Alcohol Dependence Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hazardous drinking?

A

Pattern of. alcohol consumption which increases someone’s risk of physical, mental and possibly also social harm
consumption of 14-35 units per week for females and 14-50 units per week for males

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2
Q

What is harmful drinking?

A

Pattern of alcohol consumption which is causing mental or physical damage
consumption of >35 units a week for women or >50 units a week for men

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3
Q

What is alcohol dependence?

A

A cluster of behavioural, cognitive and physiological factors that typically include a strong desire to drink alcohol and difficulties in controlling its use
a person who is alcohol dependence may persist in drinking despite harmful consequences

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4
Q

What factors can influence whether a person will develop alcohol dependence?

A 
Prolonged alcohol consumption
Personality Traits
Genetic factors
Socioeconomic and employment factors
ethnicity
culture
religion
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5
Q

What are the acute physical manifestations of alcohol dependence?

A 
Accidents/injury
acute alcohol poisoning
aspiration pneumonia
oesophagitis
mallory Weiss syndrome
gastritis
pancreatitis
cardiac arrythmias
cerebrovascular accidents
neuropraxia
myopathy
hypoglycaemia
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6
Q

What are the cutaneous and superficial signs which are suggestive of alcohol misuse?

A 
Spider nave
telangiectasia
Facial mooning
parotid enlargement
palmar erythema
dupuytren's contracture
gynaecomastia
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7
Q

What are the possible long-term consequences of alcohol dependency of the brain?

A 
dementia
Wernicke-korsakov syndrome
cerebellar atrophy
marchiafava-bignami syndrome
central pontine myelinolysis
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8
Q

What are the possible long-term consequences of alcohol dependency of the cardiovascular system?

A

Hypertension
cardiomyopathy
coronary heart disease
cerebrovascular accidents

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9
Q

What are the possible long-term consequences of alcohol dependency of the gastrointestinal system?

A 
Oesophagitis
gastritis
malabsorption
malnutrition
liver damage (steatosis, hepatitis, cirrhosis)
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10
Q

Other than the effects on the brain, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems, what are the possible long-term consequences of alcohol dependency of the body?

A 
Peripheral neuropathy
myopathy
osteoporosis
skin disorders
alcohol related malignancy
sexual dysfunction
infertility
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11
Q

How can alcohol misuse affect employment?

A 
Absenteeism
inefficiency in the work place
impaired work performance
accidents in the workplace
unemployment
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12
Q

How can alcohol misuse affect interpersonal relationships?

A

Relationships often suffer with spouses/children feeling that the person is more interested in drinking than in them
domestic discord and violence associated with alcohol misuse
can cause behavioural difficulties and poor school performance in children

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13
Q

How can alcohol misuse affect a person’s relationship with the law?

A

Associated with increased criminality with offences such as underage drinking, drunk and disorderly, drink-driving, theft, burglary, violence, sexual crimes

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14
Q

Describe the relationship between alcohol and. psychiatric illness?

A

Alcohol problems and major psychiatric illness can co-exist.
In some cases the alcohol use predates and often causes the psychiatric illness
In other cases the alcohol use is a result of an. attempt to self-medicate a pre-existing psychiatric illness

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15
Q

What is the effect of alcohol on cognition?

A

Cognitive decline especially in abstract problem solving, visuospatial and visual learning and perceptual motor skills

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16
Q

There is often cerebral atrophy with alcohol misuse. What regions of the brain are mostly affected?

A

Frontal cortex
cerebellum
hypothalamus

17
Q

Most patients with alcohol dependence can be treated as out patients. T/F?

A

True

18
Q

Abstinence rather than controlled social drinking is the preferred goal for individuals with alcohol dependence. T/F?

A

True

19
Q

Brief psychological interventions can be used in the treatment of patients with alcohol dependency. By the end of the interview what should be achieved?

A

Patient has clear understanding of why their drinking is of concern and the risk of continued drinking
Formulated clear goals and identified means for. change within a decided time frame
Come up with strategies to achieve this and to overcome potential barriers to change

20
Q

How can CBT be used for. patients with alcohol dependency?

A

The individual learns to identify triggers to. drinking and to find new ways of coping with them

21
Q

What is the most common drug used against alcohol dependency?

A

Disulfiram

22
Q

Disulfiram is used in alcohol dependency. What is the mechanism of. action of disulfiram?

A

Inhibits hepatic ALDH

23
Q

What are the effects of disulfiram if a patient consumes alcohol?

A

Flushing reaction, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hypotension, dyspnoea, dizziness, headache

24
Q

Naltrexone can be used in alcohol dependency. What is the mechanism of action of naltrexone?

A

Opiate receptor antagonist

25
Q

Naltrexone works best in patients who are already abstinent. T/F?

A

True

26
Q

Acamprostate can be used against alcohol dependency. What is the mechanism of action of. acamprostate?

A

Glutamate antagonist

27
Q

Acamprostate has a excellent safety profile. T/F?

A

True

28
Q

What are the NHS recommenced safe drinking levels?

A

Maximum of 14 unfits a week, ideally. spread over three days or more especially if drinking as much as 14 units per week

29
Q

What level of blood alcohol is allowed for driving in Scotland?

A

50mg/100ml of blood

30
Q

Alcohol levels permitted for driving are lower in Scotland than the rest of the UK. T/F?

A

True

31
Q

What are the stages in the process of change?

A 
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Either Permanent change or Relapse
32
Q

What is meant by the stage of precontemplation?

A

The stage where the person is not yet considering the possibility of change

33
Q

What are the stages of an alcohol brief intervention?

A

Raising the issue of alcohol
Screening and giving feedback
Listening for readiness to change
Selecting an approach

34
Q

What approach should be used for a patient in the precontemplation stage?

A

Information and advice

35
Q

What approach should be used for a patient in the contemplation stage?

A

Understanding and motivation

36
Q

What approach should be used for a patient in the preparation stage?

A

Give patient menu of choices

37
Q

What approach should be used for a patient in the action stage?

A

Build confidence

38
Q

What approach should be used for a patient in the maintenance stage?

A

Coping strategies

People and Illness (18 decks)

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