Pharmacology Flashcards
Amiodarone Pharmacology
AntiarrhythmicProlongs the action potentialProlongs the refractory periodProlongs atrioventricular conductionProlongs QT Interval
Aspirin Pharmacology
AntithromboticInhibits the formation of thromboxane A2, which stimulates platelet aggregation and artery constriction.This reduces clot/thrombus formation in an MI
Atropine Pharmacology
Anticholinergic agentBlocks acetylcholine receptors-enhances SA node automaticity-enhances AV node conduction-increases heart rate
Benzylpenicillin Pharmacology
AntibacterialGram positive cocci antibiotic
Clopidogrel Pharmacology
Clopidogrel selectivelyinhibits the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet receptor, and the subsequent ADP - mediated activation of the GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation.Biotransformation of clopidogrel is necessary to produce inhibition of platelet aggregation. Clopidogrel acts by irreversibly modifying the platelet ADP receptor
Cyclizine Pharmacology
Anti-emetic
Dextrose 10% Solution Pharmacology
Hypertonic glucose solutionReadily utilisable energy sourse
Epinephrine 1:10,000Pharmacology
Alpha and beta adrenergic stimulantIncreases heart rate - Chronotropic effectIncreases Myocardial contractions - inotropic effectIncreases Blood PressureIncreases electrical activity in the myocardiumincreases cerebral and coronary blood flowDilation of the bronchioles
Epinephrine 1:1,000Pharmacology
Alpha and beta adrenergic stimulant.Reversal of laryngeal oedema and bronchospasm in anaphylaxis.Antagonises effects of histamine
FurosemidePharmacology
Acts on the ascending loop of Henle by inhibiting the reabsorption of Chloride and Sodium ions into the interstitial fluid. This results in a relative hypertonic state. Water is retained in the loop and eliminated via the bladder.It also causes venodilation which reduces venous return to the heart
GlucagonPharmacology
Glycogenolysis.Increases plasma glucose by mobilising glycogen stored in the liver
Glucose GelPharmacology
Increases blood glucose levels
EnoxaparinPharmacology
It binds to the natural inhibitor of coagulation, anti-thrombin III and makes certain clotting factors inactive. This results in an increase in the clotting time
GTNPharmacology
VasodilatorReleases nitric oxide which acts as a vasodilator. Dilates coronary arteries particularly if in spasm, increasing blood flow to the myocardium.Dilates systemic veins reducing venous return to the heart (preload) and thus reduces the heart workload.Reduces BP.
HydrocortisonePharmacology
Potent anti-inflammatory properties and inhibit many substances that cause inflammation. the half life is 90 mins
IbuprofenPharmacology
Suppresses prostaglandins, which cause pain via its inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX).Prostaglandins are released by cell damage and inflammation
Ipratropium BromidePharmacology
It blocks muscarinic receptors associated with parasympathetic stimulation of the bronchial air passageways. This results in bronchial dilation and reduced bronchial secretions
LidocainePharmacology
Reduces automaticity by decreasing the rate of diastolic depolarisation.Stabilises the neuronal membrane and prevents the initiation and transmission of nerve impulses, action is rapid and blockade may last up to 2 hours
LorazepamPharmacology
Acts on CNS receptors to potentiate the inhibitory action of GABA
Magnesium Sulphate InjectionPharmacology
It acts as a physiological calcium channel blocker and blocks neuromuscular transmission
Midazolam SolutionPharmacology
It affects the activity of a chemical that transmits impulses across nerve synapses called Gamma-AminoButyric Acid (GABA). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Midazolam works by increasing the effects of GABA at these receptors
MorphinePharmacology
Opiate AnalgesicActs on CNS to educe pain & anxietyVasodilation resulting in reduced peload to myocardium
NaloxonePharmacology
Narcotic antagonistReverse the respiratory depression and analgesic effect of narcotics
NifedipinePharmacology
Inhibits muscle contraction by interfering with the movement of calcium ions through the slow channels of active cell membrane
EntonoxPharmacology
Analgesic agent gas:- CNS Depressant- Pain relief
OndansetronPharmacology
Precise mode of action in the control of nausea & vomiting is not known
OxygenPharmacology
Oxygenation of tissue/organs
ParacetamolPharmacology
Analgesic - central prostaglandin inhibitor.Anti-pyretic - Prevents the hypothalamus from synthesising Prostaglandin E, inhibiting the body temperature from rising further.
SalbutamolPharmagology
Beta 2 agonistBronchodilationRelaxation of smooth muscle
Sodium Bicarbonate InjectionPharmacology
TCA excretion from the body is enhanced by making the urine more alkaline (raising the pH)
Sodium Chloride 09%Pharmacology
Isotonic crystalloid solutionFluid replacement
SyntometrinePharmacology
Causes Rhythmic contraction of uterine smooth muscle, thereby constricting uterine blood vessels
TenecteplasePharmacology
Tenecteplase is a recombinant fibrin-specific plasminogen activator that is derived from native t-PA by modifications at three sites of the protein structure. It binds to the fibrin component of the thrombus (Blood clot) and selectively converts thrombus-bound plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades the fibrin matrix of the thrombus.
FentanylPharmagology
Fentanyl provides some of the effects typical of other opioidsthrough its agonism of the opioid receptors. Its strong potency inrelation to that of morphine is largely due to its high lipophilicity.Because of this, it can more easily penetrate the CNS.Fentanyl binds to μ-opioid G-protein-coupled receptors, whichinhibit pain neurotransmitter release by decreasing intracellularCa2+ levels.
