Pharmacology

Question 1

Examples of topical eye drugs

Answer 1

Drops

Ointments

Question 2

What do topical drugs require?

Answer 2

Corneal penetration

Question 3

Lipid soluble drugs penetrate the EPITHELIUM/STROMA and are HYDROPHILIY/LIPOPHILIC

Answer 3

Epithelium

Lipophilic

Question 4

Water soluble drugs penetrate the EPITHELIUM/STROMA and are HYDROPHILIC/LIPOPHILIC

Answer 4

Stroma

Hydrophilic

Question 5

What makes a steroid more hydrophobic?

Answer 5

Alcohol, acetate

Question 6

What makes a steroid more hydrophilic

Answer 6

Phosphate

Question 7

Systemic absorption of topical drugs

Answer 7

Excess topical drug gets deposited at the nasopharynx area due to the tears and it is then absorbed systemically from here

Question 8

Ocular injections - advantages

Answer 8

Delivers effective conc of drug at target site instantly

Prevents the blood retinal barrier from rejecting the drug

Question 9

Ocular injections - disadvantages

Answer 9

Many drugs are toxic to the retina

Question 10

Side effects of steroids

Answer 10

Can cause cataract development

Glaucoma development

Question 11

Name 2 mydratics

Answer 11

Tropicamide

Cyclopentolate

Question 12

Mydratics - function

Answer 12

Causes artificial pupillary dilation by blocking parasympathetic supply to iris

Question 13

Sympathomimetics - function

Answer 13

Acts on the sympathetic system and causes the pupil to dilate

Question 14

3 classes of antibitotics

Answer 14

Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Inhibit protein synthesis
Inhibit nuclei acid synthesis

Question 15

Eye drop bottles - preservative

Answer 15

This keeps the bottle free from contaminants for 4 weeks

Question 16

Contaminated eye drop bottles

Answer 16

If eye bottles are kept after the 4 week period, the preservatives no longer work and pseudomonas can grow