Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmology SOH > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Bony orbit - apex

A

Optic canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bony orbit - roof

A

Mainly frontal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bony orbit - floor

A

Mainly maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bony orbit - medial wall

A

Mainly ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bony orbit - lateral wall

A

Mainly sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Orbital rim

A

Base of the bony orbit

Helps protect the eye from direct trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Blowout fracture - which 2 bones are most likely to be affected

A

Ethmoid bone

Maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fractured zygoma causes which visual abnormality?

A

Diplopia (double vision)

- zygoma normally attaches to suspensory ligaments which help support the eyeball and hold it up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tarsus

A

Eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name of the conjunctiva which covers the internal eyelids?

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are tarsal glands located

A

Embedded in the tarsi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of tarsal glands

A

Lubricates the edges of the eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Orbicularis oculi - function

A

Orbits around the ocular area and allows eye closing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which nerve supplies orbicularis oculi

A

CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 parts of orbicularis oculi

A

Orbital part

Palpebral part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Orbicularis oculi - orbital part

A

Used to close eyes tightly

screw up eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Orbicularis oculi - palpebral part

A

Used to gently close eyes

blinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which muscle elevates the eyelid

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mulars muscle

A

Attaches from the tendon of LPS to the superior eyelid

It assists LPS in elevating the eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of meibomian glands

A

Modified sebaceous glands

Prevent tears from evaporating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland located?

A

Just below the lateral aspect of the eyebrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sclera - definition

A

White area of the eye

Contains collagen fibres arranged like a meshwork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the conjunctiva which covers the sclera called?

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Limbus

A

Junction between the cornea and sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lacrimal punctum

A

Black dot on the lower eyelid

This is where lacrimal fluid drains in to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which is more vascular: bulbar or palpebral conjunctiva?

A

Palpebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The conjunctiva covers the cornea - true or false?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Function of the conjunctiva

A

Defensive barrier to foreign bodies

Good at healing lacerations in the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Iris

A

The part of the eye which gives your eye colour

Controls diameter of pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pupil

A

Black central hole where light passes through to get to the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Cornea

A

Translucent (clear)
Avascular
Bulge
Collagen fibres are precisely arranged (optical clarity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which structure of the eye do you get most optical power from?

A

Cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Outer layer of the eye - type

A

Fibrous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Outer layer of the eye - constituents

A

Sclera

Cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Middle layer of the eye - type

A

Uvea

vascular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Middle layer of the eye - constituents

A

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Inner layer of the eye - type

A

Retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Inner layer of the eye - constituents

A

Optic disc
Macula
Fovea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Retina - function

A

The posterior aspect of the eye which receives and starts to interpret light coming into the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the pathway for the direction of light passing through the retina?

A 
Ganglion cells (anteriorly) --> 
Photoreceptors (posteriorly)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the direction of signal transmission in the retina?

A

Posterior -> anterior direction
The signal is generated by photoreceptors
Signal is sent to ganglion cells
Optic nerve is formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The retina has pain and light receptors. True or False?

A

False

  • the retina has light receptors only
  • if something is wrong it just flashes lights (looks like camera flashes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Fundus location

A

Back of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Which area of the eye is known as the blind spot?

A

Optic disc

- there are no photoreceptors in this area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Where does the optic nerve form?

A

Optic disc

46
Q

Optic disc

A

Blind spot

47
Q

Macula - function

A

Specialised or acute vision

- lots of cones here

48
Q

Fovea - location

A

In the centre of the macula

49
Q

Fovea - function

A

For most acute vision

- cones found in high density

50
Q

The optic disc sits nasally/temporally?

A

Nasally

51
Q

The macula sits nasally/temporally?

A

Temporally

52
Q

How do you differentiate veins from arteries on a fundoscopy image?

A

Veins are bigger and thicker

Arteries are smaller and thinner

53
Q

Layers of the retina - posterior layer

A

Photoreceptors (rods and cones)

54
Q

Layers of the retina - middle layer

A

Ganglion cells

55
Q

Layers of the retina - anterior layer

A

Axons of the ganglion cells

56
Q

Anterior segment - location

A

In front of the lens

57
Q

Anterior segment - anterior chamber

A

Between the cornea and the iris

Contains aqueous humour

58
Q

Anterior segment - posterior chamber

A

Between the iris and suspensory ligaments (zonule fibres)

Contains aqueous humour

59
Q

Posterior segment - location

A

Behind the lens

Contains vitreous body

60
Q

Arterial blood supply pathway

A

Common carotid artery –>
Internal carotid artery –>
Ophthalamic artery –>
Central retinal artery and ciliary artery

61
Q

Ciliary artery

A

Supplies the uvea

62
Q

Which artery supplies the optic nerve head?

A

Posterior ciliary artery

63
Q

Central retinal artery

A

Passes inside the optic nerve
It is an end artery
- if it becomes blocked then there is no blood supply to the retina leading to ischaemia of the retina

64
Q

Which artery supplies the majority of the retina?

A

Central retinal artery

65
Q

What causes red eyes when photo is taken with flash

A

Ciliary artery

66
Q

Pathway of venous drainage of the eye

A

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins ->
Superior ophthalmic vein ->
Cavernous sinus ->
Superficial vein of the face

67
Q

Which vein drains the retina?

A

Central retinal vein

68
Q

Everything from the right visual field hits the eye at the ____ retina of the right eye but the _____ retina of the left eye

A
  1. Nasal

2. Temporal

69
Q

The temporal retina of both eyes stays MEDIAL/LATERAL?

A

Lateral

- i.e. doesn’t cross over at the optic chiasma

70
Q

The nasal retina of both eyes stays MEDIAL/LATERAL?

A

Medial

71
Q

Crossing over at the optic chiasma occurs with the nasal retina OR temporal retina ?

A

Nasal retina

72
Q

Light from objects in the right visual field is processed by the ____ primary visual cortex?

A

Left

73
Q

Light from objects in the lower visual field is processed by the ____ primary visual cortex

A

Upper part

74
Q

Blink reflex - sensory (afferent) limb

A

Picks up the sensation that is being touched

AP are conducted from cornea -> trigeminal ganglion -> pons

75
Q

Blink reflex - central connections between which 2 CN’s?

A

CNV and CNVII

76
Q

Blink reflex - motor (efferent) limb

A

APs conducted via CNVII -> eyelid part of orbicular oculi.

this results in a blink

77
Q

Where does the synapse occur in the cervical part of the sympathetic trunk

A

Superior cervical ganglia

78
Q

What causes wide eye opening? (sympathetic or parasympathetic)

A

Sympathetic

79
Q

What focuses the lens for near vision ? (sympathetic or parasympathetic)

A

Parasympathetic

80
Q

What focuses the lens for far vision ? (sympathetic or parasympathetic)

A

Sympathetics

81
Q

______ nerves dilate the pupil

A

Sympathetic

82
Q

_____ nerves constrict the pupil

A

Parasympathetic

83
Q

What causes lacrimation reflex tear production to occur ? (sympathetic or parasympathetic)

A

Parasympathetic

84
Q

Dilated pupils allow MORE/LESS light to reach the retina?

A

More

85
Q

Which muscles are responsible for dilating the pupil? and where are they located?

A

Dilator pupillae muscles

Location: around the external circumference of the iris

86
Q

Constricted pupils allow MORE/LESS light to reach the retina?

A

Less

87
Q

In dim light what happens to the pupil?

A

It dilates

88
Q

In bright light what happens to the pupil?

A

It constricts

89
Q

Mydratic pupil

A

a non physiologically dilated pupil

90
Q

Mitotic pupil

A

A non physiologically constricted pupil

91
Q

Which muscles are responsible for constricting the pupil? and where are they located?

A

Sphincter pupillae muscles

Location: around the internal circumference of the iris

92
Q

Pupillary light reflex - shine torch into one eye, what happens to that eye?

A

CNII senses this and CN III causes pupil to constrict (direct light reflex)

93
Q

Pupillary light reflex - shine a torch into one eye, what happens to the OTHER eye?

A

CN III causes pupil to constrict (consensual light reflex)

94
Q

How does the lens attach to the ciliary body?

A

Suspensory ligaments (zonules)

95
Q

What is another name for suspensory ligaments?

A

Zonules

96
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body?

A

Produces aqueous humour

97
Q

What happens to the ciliary muscle, suspensory ligaments and lens in far vision?

A

Ciliary muscle relaxes
Suspensory ligament tightens
Lens flattens
- to focus on object in the distance

98
Q

What happens to the ciliary muscle, suspensory ligaments and lens in near vision?

A

Ciliary muscle contracts
Suspensory ligament relaxes
Lens becomes spherical
- to focus on near objects

99
Q

Lens is spherical for NEAR/FAR vision?

A

Near

100
Q

Lens is flat for NEAR/FAR vision?

A

Far

101
Q

Which CN controls pupillary constriction?

A

CN III

102
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland located?

A

Below the lateral aspect of the eyebrow

103
Q

What does the lacrimal gland produce?

A

Produces lacrimal fluid (tears)

104
Q

Lacrimal gland is controlled by which cranial nerve?

A

CNVII

105
Q

Which direction does lacrimal fluid flow?

A

Temporal -> nasal lacrimal duct

106
Q

Where does lacrimal fluid drain?

A

Punctum (black dot on top of the lacrimal papillae)

107
Q

Lacrimal fluid always runs into the nose - true or false?

A

True

108
Q

What is the function of lysozyme in lacrimal fluid?

A

Antibacterial properties

109
Q

which CN tells the brain that the eye needs tears?

A

CNV

110
Q

Which CN stimulates the lacrimal gland to produce tears?

A

CNVII

Ophthalmology SOH (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions