Pharmacology

Question 1

tablets

Answer 1

drug + substance to bind drug + filler (bulk) + disintegrator (dissolves in body)

Question 2

Enteric-coated

Answer 2

unaffected by acid in stomach → disintegration takes place in SI
- useful for drugs which irritate the stomach

Question 3

capsules

Answer 3

enclosed in gelatine shell → disintegration takes place in stomach

Question 4

sustained-released preparation

Answer 4

released slowly into GIT over extended period

- prepared in layers

Question 5

oral liquid

Answer 5

mixtures/suspension

Question 6

drops

Answer 6

ear = oily
nose = water
eye = water/oily based

Question 7

cream and ointment

Answer 7

creams = aq
ointments = lipid based

Question 8

sublingual/buccal

Answer 8

susceptible to breakdown by liver enz/gastric juices

Question 9

suppository

Answer 9

solid→liquifies at body temp → abs through rectal mucosa & BV

Question 10

enemas

Answer 10

liquid preparations for rectal admin

Question 11

pharmocokinetics

Answer 11

ADME

Question 12

absorption

Answer 12

movement across membrane

Question 13

distribution

Answer 13

vd, bioavailability (how much drug available for use after abs)
(iv gives 100% bioava)

Question 14

metabolism

Answer 14

phase 1 - make drugs bioavailable
phase 2 - active drugs become inactive and excreted
- lipophilic → converts to hydrophilic compound
- BUT could also be used to activate drugs

Question 15

elimination

Answer 15

excretion (urine/faeces)

Question 16

pharmacodynamics

Answer 16

actions of drug

• affinity and efficacy
• increase dose and increase AE

Question 17

drug abs - oral

Answer 17

movement from mouth to blood

- abs in SI → simple lipid diffusion

Question 18

factors affecting drug abs

Answer 18

content GIT
chem property of drug
SA of gut and GIT
molecular size and weight

Question 19

bioavailability

Answer 19

amount of active drug enters plasma

Question 20

steps of drug distribution

Answer 20

• driven by blood circulation

- dilution in blood → move to ECF → uptake into cell

Question 21

factors affecting drug distribution

Answer 21

ability to cross endothelium

protein binding

Question 22

factors affecting drug metabolism

Answer 22

genetics, age, disease, smoking, interactions

Question 23

drug interactions outside body

Answer 23

GTN oxidises in air

Asprin hydrolyses to acetic acid + salicylic acid from moisture

Question 24

drug interactions inside body

Answer 24

grapefruit juice interacts with drugs

Question 25

steady-state level

Answer 25

drug given repeatedly at fixed dose intervals

Question 26

Drug schedule 1 (DS1)

Answer 26

no longer used

Question 27

DS2

Answer 27

pharmacy medicine

Question 28

DS3

Answer 28

pharmacist only

Question 29

DS4

Answer 29

prescription only

Question 30

DS5

Answer 30

household substances

Question 31

DS6

Answer 31

poisons

Question 32

DS7

Answer 32

dangerous poison

Question 33

DS8

Answer 33

controlled drugs

Question 34

DS9

Answer 34

prohibited substances

Question 35

DS11

Answer 35

drugs of dependence