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Nursing > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Prokaryotic

A
  • Nucleoid (double stranded DNA)
  • 70s
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall (peptidoglycan - may be degraded by lysosomes)
  • Flagella/pilli
  • Plasmid (addition DNA capable of autonomous replication in g-ve)
  • Mesosome (vesicles formed by invagination of plasma membrane - cell wall formation/chromosome rep)
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2
Q

What does pro lack that eu has

A

Nuclear membrane
Membrane-bound organelles
Nucleolus

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3
Q

peptidoglycan

A
  • provides rigidity
  • important for rep and survival in hostile conditions
  • infection causes peptidoglycan to interfere with phagocytosis, stim mitosis of lymphocytes and becomes pyrogenic
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4
Q

g+ve

A

predominantly aerobic

- turns purple with stain (trapped in THICK pep wall)

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5
Q

g-ve

A

predominantly anaerobic

  • counterstained into red
  • THIN pep wall
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6
Q

bac cell division

A

= binary fission

- septum (cross wall) produced

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7
Q

morphological classification of pro

A

from incomplete cleavage of septum

coccus → spherical (staphylococcus)

bacillus → rod-shaped (e coli)

spirillum → snake-like/helical (t pallidum)

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8
Q

spores

A

g+ve (NOT g-ve)

  • encases bac/fungal → resistant to env factors
  • DORMANT
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9
Q

morphological classification of bac

A
  • coccus (spherical) - staphylococcus (chain); streptolococcus (cluster)
  • Bacillus (rod-shaped) - e.coli
  • Spirillum (helical) - T.pallidum
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10
Q

virulence factor of bacteria

A

invade, infect, evade

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11
Q

local effects of bac

A
  • prod enz (exotoxins→prod by g-/+ve)
  • damage host cells & cellular components
  • forms an abscess (from pus prod bac)
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12
Q

systemic effects of bac - septicaemia

A

wide spread destruction caused by absorption of bac/toxins in blood

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13
Q

systemic effects of bac -endotoxin

A

released by g-ve → triggers immune response → BV dilated → sepsis

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14
Q

virus capsid

A

protein coat containing nucleic acid genome

- withstands harsh env

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15
Q

virus envelope

A

lipid membrane coat

- maintained in aq solution→transmit via fluids

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16
Q

genetic form of viruses

A

DNA or RNA

17
Q

function of viruses

A

true parasites

- insert genome→hijack host cells→replicate→damage/kill cells

18
Q

viral rep

A

early phase - penetrate membrane→ release genome
late - genome rep
latent - extracellular infectious viruses not detected

19
Q

viral pathogenesis

A

acquisition - entry into body
1o site - infection/inflam
2o site - virus amplified & spread→ the incubation period

20
Q

what is convalescence

A

body repairs the damage

21
Q

herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV1)

A

normally benign, but life threatening in newborn or immunocompromised person

22
Q

rubella in pregnant women

A

genetic malformation in fetus → developmental effects

23
Q

fungi

A
  • non-motile, aerobic (yeast)

- reproduce by forming spores → increase surv and spread

24
Q

pathogenesis of fungi

A

mycoses (fungal infection)

- penetrate, colonise, repro

25
Q

protozoa

A

lacks cell wall→rapid and flexible

develops into a cyst→survives harsh conditions

26
Q

what is a vector

A

something that carries a virus

27
Q

pathogen

A

organism that evades various normal defenses→causes infection

28
Q

infection

A

organism enters body→increase number and damage host

29
Q

commensalism

A

host and bac live tgt with no effect on each other’s life cycle

30
Q

parasitism

A

un-equal, live off expense of another

31
Q

symbiosis

A

mutual benefit

32
Q

opportunistic

A

healthy defences weakened→infect

33
Q

nosocomial

A

infection transmitted in hospital

34
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A

common cause of hospital infection

resistant to treatment (MRSA)

35
Q

predictors of MRSA carriage

A

hospital setting→prolonged/antimicrobial therapy…

community→recent hospitalisation/catheter

36
Q

antibiotic resistance

A
  • loss effectiveness
  • innate→intrinsic resistance based on mech of drug
  • acquired→of resistance gene, from stimulus (exposure), changes in cell membrane, prod. enz altering antibiotic structure

Nursing (14 decks)

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