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Nursing > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

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1
Q

exocrine

A

ducts

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2
Q

endocrine

A

directly into blood

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3
Q

where does the NS integrate with the endocrine system

A

hypothalamus (within the diencephalon)

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4
Q

3 mechanisms of hormone release

A

humoral - release in response to ECF changes
neural
hormonal

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5
Q

what are trophic hormones

A

causes another gland to release hormones

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6
Q

peptide/lipid based hormone

A

e. g. salbutamol
- usually uses 2nd messengers → binds to R associated with nuclear DNA
- e.g. T4, T3

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7
Q

Steroid hormone

A

lipid based (made cholesterol)

  • lipid soluble → binds DNA/modify transcription
  • slow acting
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8
Q

parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Ca feedback

A

decrease Ca due to lactation → sensed by PT cells → increase PTH → stimulate osteoclast → increase Ca release from bone storage → increase blood [Ca]

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9
Q

PGA

A

decrease BP and increase coronary BF

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10
Q

PGE

A

regulation of RBC and platelet aggregation

regulation of HCl secretion

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11
Q

PGF

A

causes uterine contractions

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12
Q

POS pituitary gland (neurohypophysos)

A
  • ADH/oxytocin
  • directly innervated by hypothalamus
  • storage and release site
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13
Q

ANT pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

A
  • ACTH→secretes cortisol
  • GH, TSH, prolactin, LH, FSH
  • activated by secretion of hormones
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14
Q

pineal gland

A 
manufactures melatonin (involved in sleep/wake)
- part of NS and endocrine system
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15
Q

thyroid gland

A

-thyroid hormones
- promotes metabolic activity, cell growth and tissue diff
- secretes T3/4
secretes calcitonin by
- parafollicular cells (increase Ca uptake into bones)

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16
Q

abnormalities of thyroid glands

A

hypersecretion (from TSH over-stimulation) → graves disease (increase metabolic activity)

hyposecretion (low secretion of TSH or inflam) → cretinism (decreases metabolic activity)

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17
Q

parathyroid gland

A

control Ca levels

- decrease of [ca] in bones → stimulate PTH release → increases [ca] internal absorption

18
Q

adrenal glands

A

medulla (neurosecretory): secretes N/NA

cortex (endocrine): secretes aldosterone, cortisol, androgen

19
Q

3 layers of cortex

A

zona glomerulosa → secretes mineralocorticoids

zona fasciculata → secretes glucocorticoids

zona reticularis → secretes gonadcorticoids

20
Q

cushing’s syndrome

A

increased cortisol

redistribution of body fat, HT, decrease lymphocyte and plasma cells

21
Q

aldosteronism

A

increase aldosterone

increase water retention, muscle weakness due to k loss

22
Q

tumours in adrenal cortex

A

increased androgens

23
Q

addision’s disease

A

decreased aldosterone/cortisol

decrease appetite and weight loss
decrease Na and glucose
increase K
Dehydration

24
Q

islet a

A

glucagon

25
Q

islet b

A

insulin

26
Q

islet delta

A

somatostatin

- released in response to food, pH, stretch in gut

27
Q

islet epsilon

A

ghrelin

- stimulates hypothalamus to boost appetite

28
Q

islet pancreatic polypeptide cells (F or PP cells)

A

pancreatic polypeptides

-influences digestion and distribution of food molecules

29
Q

Acini (cluster of cells) exocrine portion

A

secretes serous fluid containing digestive enz

30
Q

testes

A

produces testosterone → growth and maintenance of male sexual char

31
Q

ovaries

A

produce estrogen and progesterone

32
Q

placenta

A

temporary endocrine gland secreting hCG, estrogen, and progesterone

33
Q

thymus

A

thymosin and thymopoietin

- stimulates development of T cells

34
Q

gut and heart

A

CCK, gastrin, ghrelin
- for digestion and appetite

ANP prod in heart → decrease Na → decrease BV and BP

35
Q

paracrine hormone

A

has activity on cells immediately surrounding it (i.e. PG)

36
Q

5 secretory cells in adenohypophysis

A 
somatotrophs → GH 
Corticotrophs → ACTH
Thyrotrophs → TSH
Lactotrophs → PRL
gonadotrophs → LH and FSH
37
Q

4 trophic hormones

A

TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH

38
Q

Aldosterone

A

released in response to renin

increase Na reabs in kidneys, controlled by RAS

39
Q

glucocorticoids

A

cortisols → released in response to stress

- cooperates with SNS → increase breakdown of tissues →ensure enoguh nutrients

40
Q

ageing

A

atrophy of endocrine organs/loss of cells → decrease secretion of hormones

decrease clearance by liver → increase level of hormones

Nursing (14 decks)

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