Pharmacology Flashcards
What is the half life of GH?
25 minutes
What is the route of administration for GH?
IM
What are the side effects of GH when misused in athletes?
Acromegaly, arthropathy, visceromegaly, extremity enlargement
What is an option if someone is GH insensitive?
Recombinant IGF-1
What kinds of patients are candidates from GH replacement therapy?
Turner syndrome, Prader-Willi, chronic renal insufficiency, GH-deficient adults, wasted or cachectic AIDS patients, pts with short bowel syndrome dependent on TPN
What are two illicit uses of GH?
Athletes and the elderly for anti-aging effects
What is the mechanism of action of GHRH?
Binds to GPCR Gs to increase GH synthesis
What are the routes of administration of GHRH?
IV, intranasal, SC
What are the uses for GHRH?
Diagnostic evaluation of pts with idiopathic GH deficiency, potential use in GH-deficient children, HIV patients with lipodystrophy secondary to use of highly active retroviral therapy
What is the mechanism of action of somatostatin?
Inhibits GH release via GPCR Gi
What is octreotide?
A somatostatin
What are the routes of administration of octreotide?
SC or IM
What are the uses for somatostatin?
Excess of pituitary GH, control of bleeding from esophageal varices and GI hemorrhage (vasoconstrictor), carcinoid tumors, VIP-secreting tumors, glucagonoma, gastrinoma, symptoms of WDHA syndrome
What are the side effects of somatostatin?
Hyperglycemia, abdominal cramps, loose stools, cardiac effects including sinus bradycardia and conduction disturbances
What are the medical treatments for prolactinomas?
Bromocriptine and cabergoline - DA receptor agonists, leads to inhibition of prolactin release
What is another name for vasopressin?
ADH
Renal actions of vasopressin are mediated by which receptors?
V2 Rs; Gs
Vessel actions of vasopressin are mediated by which receptors?
V1 Rs; Gq
What are the hypofunction uses for vasopressin?
Central DI, nephrogenic DI
Which drugs can cause ADH hypofunction (nephrogenic DI)?
Lithium adn demeclocyline
Which drugs can cause ADH hyperfunction (SIADH)?
Psychotropic agents (SSRIs, haloperidol, TCADs), sulfonylureas, vinca alkaloids chemotherapy, MDMA
What is the MOA of desmopressin?
ADH analog
What is the MOA of chlorpropamide?
1st generation sulfonylurea; potentiates action of small or residual amounts of ADH.
What are the half-lives of vasopressin and desmopressin?
Vasopressin: 20 min. Desmopressin: 1.5-2.5 hrs.
