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Principles MBCHB > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Name of this Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor?

PNS

A

Skeletal muscle (α1)2βγε

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2
Q

What is the Name of this Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor?

PNS

A

Ganglionic α3β4

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3
Q

What is the Name of this Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor?

CNS

A

α4β2

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4
Q

What is the Name of this Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor?

CNS

A

α7

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5
Q

Describe the key processes in cholinergic transmission aka what is going on in this diagram

A
  1. Uptake of choline via transporter
  2. Synthesis of ACh via choline acetyltransferase (CAT)
  3. Storage of ACh via transporter (concentrates)
  4. Depolarization by action potential
  5. Ca2+ influx through voltage- activated Ca2+ channels
  6. Ca2+- induced release of ACh (exocytosis)
  7. Activation of ACh receptors (nicotinic or muscarinic) causing cellular response
  8. Degradation of ACh to choline and acetate by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) – terminates transmission
  9. Reuptake and reuse of choline
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6
Q

What are the key features of ganglionic transmission

A

INWARD MOVEMENT OF POSITIVE CHARGE CAUSE DEPOLARISATION OF POST GANGLIONIC CELL BODY

Graded depolarization results in epsp

Causes all or none action potential

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7
Q

Describe synaptic transmission at parasympathetic neuroeffector junctions (smooth muscle, gland cell)

A

- Transmission at the membrane is meadiated by mascarinic receptors

  1. Activation of muscarinic ACh receptor subtypes (M1 – M3) causing cellular response (tissue dependent)
  2. Degradation of ACh to choline and acetate by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) – terminates transmission
  3. Reuptake and reuse of choline
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8
Q

Name the drug which often affect Cholinergic transmission at the ganglia?

A

HEXAMETHONIUM

Open channel block

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9
Q

What action does this cause ( parasympathetic)

A

GQ = Stimulation of Phospholipae C

> Increased acid secretion

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10
Q

What action does this cause ( parasympathetic)

A

Gi+ Inhibition od adenylyl cyclase- opening of K+ channels

  • Decreasd heart Rate
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11
Q

What action does this cause ( parasympathetic)

A

Stimulation of phospholipase c

contraction of VISCERAL smooth muscle

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12
Q

What action does this cause ( sympathetic)?

A

Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase

> increased heart rate and force

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13
Q

What action does this cause ( sympathetic)?

A

Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase

> relaxation of bronchial and vascular smooth muscle

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14
Q

What action does this cause ( sympathetic)?

A

Stimulation of phospolipase C

> contraction of vascular smooth muscle

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15
Q

What action does this cause ( sympathetic)?

A

Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase

> inhibition of NA release

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16
Q

What is the affect of cocaine of the the autonomic nevous system

A
  • Blocks reuptake of at the synaptic cleft so the concetration of NORADRENALINE rises resulting in increased adrenoceptor stimulation

>results in a raise in blood pressure which thankts to B! receptors casues heart attack

17
Q

What is the affect of Amphetamine of the the autonomic nevous system

A

Is a substrate for UPTAKE 1 and enters the noradrenergic terminal where it inhibits MAO

enters the synaptic vesicle and displaces NA noradrenaline into the cytoplasm

Noradrenaline exits the terminal on U1 ‘running backwards’

and accumulates in the synaptic

cleft causing increased adrenoceptor stimulation

> RAISED BP > HEART ATTACK

18
Q

What is the affect of PRAZOSIN of the the autonomic nevous system

A

antagonist of α1.

CAN BE USED TO BLOCK THE EFFECT OF NON ADRENALINE

AND RELAXES VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE

used to treat hyper tension

19
Q

What is the affect of Atenolol of the the autonomic nevous system

A

ANTAGONIST OF B1

blocks b1 on the heart decreased heart rate and force

USED TO COMBAT ANGINA AND HYPERTENSION

20
Q

What is the affect of Atenolol of the the autonomic nevous system

A

AGONIST OF B2

Relaxes smooth muscle in airways

used as a bronchodialtor in asthma

21
Q

What is the affect of Atropine of the the autonomic nevous system

PARASYMPATHETIC

A

Antagonist of muscarinic receptors

  • USED TO REVERSE BRADYCARDIA WICH OCCURS AFTER A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

low doses slow heart rate so need to be very careful whne prescribing

22
Q
A

Principles MBCHB (6 decks)

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