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First Aid Gastrointestinal > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Complications of the gastrointestinal system associated with chronic alcohol use

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome, hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis

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2
Q

Distribution of histamine receptors H1, H2, and H3

A

Smooth muscle and mast cells; stomach, heart, and mast cells; nerve endings, CNS respectively

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3
Q

H2 antagonist that causes the most interactions with other drugs

A

Cimetidine

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4
Q

Mechanism of action of statins

A

inhibits HMG COA reductase

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5
Q

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are contraindicated in

A

Pregnancy

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6
Q

Two side effects of HMG COA reductase inhibitors

A

Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatotoxicity

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7
Q

Two parameters to obtain before initiation of statins

A

LFT’s, creatine kinase

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8
Q

How grapefruit juice increases statin effect

A

Inhibit CYP450 3A4

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9
Q

Concurrent use of fibrates and statins increases risk of

A

Rhabdomyolysis

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10
Q

Class of agents for cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevalem

A

Bile acid-binding resins

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11
Q

Major nutritional side effect of bile acid-binding resins

A

Impair absorption of fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)

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12
Q

Fibrates increase activity of

A

Lipoprotein lipase

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13
Q

Side effect of fenofibrate and gemfibrozil

A

Gallstone formation

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14
Q

Mechanism of action involves indirect reduction of liver triglyceride synthesis

A

Niacin, fibrates

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15
Q

Side effects of niacin

A

Cutaneous flush

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16
Q

Cutaneous flush due to niacin can be reduced by pretreatment with

A

NSAIDs

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17
Q

Inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption by inhibiting Niemann Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) Protein

A

Ezetimibe

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18
Q

Indication for H2 antagonists

A

Acid reflux disease, duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer disease

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19
Q

H1 antihistamine with 5HT2 antagonist activity that is mostly used for carcinoid tumor but may be used to treat serotonin syndrome

A

Cyproheptadine

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20
Q

Location of serotonin type-3 (5HT-3) receptors

A

GI tract, vomiting center of medulla

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21
Q

5HT-3 antagonist used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

A

Ondansetron and -setrons

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22
Q

H2 blockers

A

Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine

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23
Q

Reversible block of H2 receptors to decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells

A

Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine

24
Q

Antiandrogenic effects like prolactin release, gynecomastic, impotence, decreased libido in men, can cross BBB and placenta

A

Cimetidine

25
Q

H2 blockers that decrease renal excretion of creatinine

A

Cimetidine and ranitidine

26
Q

MoA of PPIs

A

irreversibly inhibits H/K-ATPase in stomach parietal cells

27
Q

PPIs

A

Omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, dexlansoprazole

28
Q

Increased risk of C. Diff, pneumonia, Hip fractures and decrease serum Mg

29
Q

Bind Ulcer base, provides physical protection and allows HCO3- secretion to re-establish pH gradient

A

Bismuth, Sucralfate

30
Q

Used to prevent NSAID-induced peptic ulcers, maintenance of PDA and induce labor (ripens cervix)

A

Misoprostol

31
Q

Misoprostol Toxicity

A

Diarrhea, Abortifacient

32
Q

PGE1 analog, increases productino of mucus in stomach

A

Misoprostol

33
Q

Long-acting somatostatin analog

A

Octreotide

34
Q

Clinical use for Octreotide

A

Acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, and carinoid tumor

35
Q

S/E of octreotide

A

Nausea, Cramps, Steatorrhea

36
Q

3 Types of Antacids

A

Aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide

37
Q

Constipation and hypophosphatemia; proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures

A

Overuse of antacids - Aluminum hydroxide

38
Q

Hypercalcemia and rebound increase in acid

A

Overuse of antacids - Calcium carbonate

39
Q

Diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest

A

Overuse of antacids - Magnesium Hydroxide

40
Q

Osmotic Laxatives

A

Magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate, polyethylene glycol, lactulose

41
Q

tx Hepatic encaphalopathy by promoting NH4 excretion

42
Q

Monoclonal Ab to TNF-alpha

A

Infliximab

43
Q

used to tx Crohn, UC, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis

A

Infliximab

44
Q

reactivates TB

A

Infliximab

45
Q

A combination of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory) activated by colonic bacteria

A

Sulfasalazine

46
Q

Clinical Use of Sulfasalazine

A

Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn

47
Q

Oligospermia

A

Toxic effect of Salfasalazine

48
Q

Control Vomiting post-op and in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy

A

Ondansetron

49
Q

5-HT3 antagonist; decrease vagal stimulation

A

Ondansetron

50
Q

S/E of Ondansetron

A

HA, constipation

51
Q

D2 antagonist, used for diabetic and post-Sx gastroparesis, antiemetic

A

Metoclopramide

52
Q

Toxic effects of Metoclopramide

A

Increase parkinsonian effects, restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea

53
Q

Metoclopramide C/I

A

Patients with small bowel obstructino of parkinson dx

54
Q

increases resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility, doesn’t affect colon

A

Metoclopramide

55
Q

Who poops with their shirt off?

A

Josh Kaplan

First Aid Gastrointestinal (5 decks)

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