Pharmacology

Question 1

Complications of the gastrointestinal system associated with chronic alcohol use

Answer 1

Mallory-Weiss syndrome, hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis

Question 2

Distribution of histamine receptors H1, H2, and H3

Answer 2

Smooth muscle and mast cells; stomach, heart, and mast cells; nerve endings, CNS respectively

Question 3

H2 antagonist that causes the most interactions with other drugs

Answer 3

Cimetidine

Question 4

Mechanism of action of statins

Answer 4

inhibits HMG COA reductase

Question 5

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are contraindicated in

Answer 5

Pregnancy

Question 6

Two side effects of HMG COA reductase inhibitors

Answer 6

Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatotoxicity

Question 7

Two parameters to obtain before initiation of statins

Answer 7

LFT’s, creatine kinase

Question 8

How grapefruit juice increases statin effect

Answer 8

Inhibit CYP450 3A4

Question 9

Concurrent use of fibrates and statins increases risk of

Answer 9

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 10

Class of agents for cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevalem

Answer 10

Bile acid-binding resins

Question 11

Major nutritional side effect of bile acid-binding resins

Answer 11

Impair absorption of fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)

Question 12

Fibrates increase activity of

Answer 12

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 13

Side effect of fenofibrate and gemfibrozil

Answer 13

Gallstone formation

Question 14

Mechanism of action involves indirect reduction of liver triglyceride synthesis

Answer 14

Niacin, fibrates

Question 15

Side effects of niacin

Answer 15

Cutaneous flush

Question 16

Cutaneous flush due to niacin can be reduced by pretreatment with

Answer 16

NSAIDs

Question 17

Inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption by inhibiting Niemann Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) Protein

Answer 17

Ezetimibe

Question 18

Indication for H2 antagonists

Answer 18

Acid reflux disease, duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer disease

Question 19

H1 antihistamine with 5HT2 antagonist activity that is mostly used for carcinoid tumor but may be used to treat serotonin syndrome

Answer 19

Cyproheptadine

Question 20

Location of serotonin type-3 (5HT-3) receptors

Answer 20

GI tract, vomiting center of medulla

Question 21

5HT-3 antagonist used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

Answer 21

Ondansetron and -setrons

Question 22

H2 blockers

Answer 22

Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine

Question 23

Reversible block of H2 receptors to decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells

Answer 23

Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine

Question 24

Antiandrogenic effects like prolactin release, gynecomastic, impotence, decreased libido in men, can cross BBB and placenta

Answer 24

Cimetidine

Question 25

H2 blockers that decrease renal excretion of creatinine

Answer 25

Cimetidine and ranitidine

Question 26

MoA of PPIs

Answer 26

irreversibly inhibits H/K-ATPase in stomach parietal cells

Question 27

PPIs

Answer 27

Omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, dexlansoprazole

Question 28

Increased risk of C. Diff, pneumonia, Hip fractures and decrease serum Mg

Answer 28

PPIs

Question 29

Bind Ulcer base, provides physical protection and allows HCO3- secretion to re-establish pH gradient

Answer 29

Bismuth, Sucralfate

Question 30

Used to prevent NSAID-induced peptic ulcers, maintenance of PDA and induce labor (ripens cervix)

Answer 30

Misoprostol

Question 31

Misoprostol Toxicity

Answer 31

Diarrhea, Abortifacient

Question 32

PGE1 analog, increases productino of mucus in stomach

Answer 32

Misoprostol

Question 33

Long-acting somatostatin analog

Answer 33

Octreotide

Question 34

Clinical use for Octreotide

Answer 34

Acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, and carinoid tumor

Question 35

S/E of octreotide

Answer 35

Nausea, Cramps, Steatorrhea

Question 36

3 Types of Antacids

Answer 36

Aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide

Question 37

Constipation and hypophosphatemia; proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures

Answer 37

Overuse of antacids - Aluminum hydroxide

Question 38

Hypercalcemia and rebound increase in acid

Answer 38

Overuse of antacids - Calcium carbonate

Question 39

Diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest

Answer 39

Overuse of antacids - Magnesium Hydroxide

Question 40

Osmotic Laxatives

Answer 40

Magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate, polyethylene glycol, lactulose

Question 41

tx Hepatic encaphalopathy by promoting NH4 excretion

Answer 41

Lactulose

Question 42

Monoclonal Ab to TNF-alpha

Answer 42

Infliximab

Question 43

used to tx Crohn, UC, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis

Answer 43

Infliximab

Question 44

reactivates TB

Answer 44

Infliximab

Question 45

A combination of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory) activated by colonic bacteria

Answer 45

Sulfasalazine

Question 46

Clinical Use of Sulfasalazine

Answer 46

Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn

Question 47

Oligospermia

Answer 47

Toxic effect of Salfasalazine

Question 48

Control Vomiting post-op and in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy

Answer 48

Ondansetron

Question 49

5-HT3 antagonist; decrease vagal stimulation

Answer 49

Ondansetron

Question 50

S/E of Ondansetron

Answer 50

HA, constipation

Question 51

D2 antagonist, used for diabetic and post-Sx gastroparesis, antiemetic

Answer 51

Metoclopramide

Question 52

Toxic effects of Metoclopramide

Answer 52

Increase parkinsonian effects, restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea

Question 53

Metoclopramide C/I

Answer 53

Patients with small bowel obstructino of parkinson dx

Question 54

increases resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility, doesn't affect colon

Answer 54

Metoclopramide

Question 55

Who poops with their shirt off?

Answer 55

Josh Kaplan