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First Aid Gastrointestinal > Embryo/Anatomy > Flashcards

Embryo/Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds, not covered by peritoneum

A

Gastroschisis

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2
Q

Persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum

A

Omphalocele

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3
Q

Failure of Rostral fold closure

A

Sternal Defects

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4
Q

Failure of Lateral fold closure

A

Omphalocele, Gastroschisis

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5
Q

Failure of Caudal fold closure

A

Bladder Exstrophy

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6
Q

Failure to recanalize

A

duodenal atresia (assoc with Downs)

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7
Q

Apple Peel atresia due to vascular accident

A

Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia

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8
Q

When midgut herniates through umbilical ring

A

6th week

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9
Q

when midgut returns to abdominal cavity and rotates around SMA

A

10th weeks

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10
Q

Most common traceoesophageal anomalies

A

esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula

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11
Q

Drooling, choking, and vomiting with first feeding

A

Tracheoesophageal Anomalies

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12
Q

Pure Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

H-type Tracheoesophageal Anomalies

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13
Q

Gasless Abdomen on CXR

A

Pure esophageal atresia

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14
Q

Palpable olive mass is epigastric region

A

Congenital pyloric stenosis

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15
Q

Nonbilious projectile vomiting at 2-6wks

A

Congenital Pyloric Stenosis

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16
Q

Ventral Pancreatic buds

A

Pancreatic head and main pancreatic duct, Uncinate process

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17
Q

Dorsal Pancreatic Bud

A

Body, tail, isthmus, and accessory pancreatic duct

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18
Q

Annular pancreas

A

ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum; causes duodenal narrowing

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19
Q

Pancreas divisum

A

ventral and dorsal pancreas fail to fuse at 8weeks

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20
Q

Failure of vitelline duct to involute

A

Meckel Diverticulum

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21
Q

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

A

Portal Triad: proper hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct

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22
Q

Pringle Maneuver

A

Compression of the hepatoduodenal ligament to control bleeding

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23
Q

Connects liver to the anterior abdominal wall

A

Falciform ligament

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24
Q

Fetal umbilical vein

A

Falciform ligament

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25
Q

Ligamentum teres hepatis

A

Within Falciform ligament

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26
Q

Liver to lesser curvature of stomach

A

Gastrohepatic ligament, contains gastric arteries

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27
Q

Gastrocolic ligament

A

contaiins gastroepiploic arteries, from greater curvature to TV colon

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28
Q

Contains left gastroepiploic vessels, separates greater and lesser sacs on the left

A

Gastrosplenic ligament

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29
Q

Spleen to posterior abdominal wall

A

Splenorenal ligament, contains the splenic artery and vein, tail of pancreas

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30
Q

Layer of gut wall with Myenteric (Auerbach) nerve plexus

A

Muscularis externa

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31
Q

Layer of gut wall with Meissner plexus

A

Submucosa

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32
Q

Basal electrical rhythm in Stomach, Duodenum and Ileum

A

Stomach - 3waves/min
Duodenum - 12 waves/min
Ileum - 8-9waves/min

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33
Q

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

Esophagus

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34
Q

Brunner’s glands

A

Duodenum

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35
Q

Plicae Circulares

A

jejunum and prox ileum

36
Q

Peyers Patches

37
Q

Largest # of Goblet cells in small intestin

38
Q

3rd part of duodenum is entrapped

A

SMA syndrome

39
Q

Celiac artery

A

vagus, level T12/L1, pharynx to prox duodenum, liver, GB, pancreas, spleen

40
Q

SMA

A

Vagus, level L1, distal duodenum to prox 2/3 TV colon

41
Q

IMA

A

Pelvic, level L3, Distal 1/3 TV colon to upper rectum

42
Q

Branches of Celiac Trunk

A

Common hepatic, splenic, left gastric

43
Q

Superior epigastric (internal thoracic/mammary) anastamoses with

A

Inferior epigastric (external iliac)

44
Q

Superior Pancreaticoduodenal (celiac trunk) anastamoses with

A

Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal (SMA)

45
Q

Middle Colic (SMA) anastamoses with

A

Left Colic (IMA)

46
Q

Superior Rectal (IMA) anastamoses with

A

Inferior Rectal (internal iliac)

47
Q

Left gastric vein(portal) anastamoses with

A

esophageal vein (systemic)

48
Q

Paraumbilical vein (portal) anastamoses with

A

small epigastric veins of anterior abdomonial wall (systemic)

49
Q

Superior rectal vein (portal) anastamoses with

A

middle and inferior rectal veins (systemic)

50
Q

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)

A

between portal vein and hepatic vein percutaneously relieve portal HTN by shunting blood to the systemic circulation

51
Q

Pectinate Line

A

When endoderm (hind gut) meets ectoderm

52
Q

Internal hemorrhoids

A

Above pectinate line, not painful
superior rectal artery (IMA)
superior rectal vein (portal)

53
Q

Lymph drainage above pectinate line

A

Deep Nodes

54
Q

External Hemorrhoids

A

Below pectinate line, painful
inferior rectal artery (int. pudendal artery)
inferior rectal vein (drains to int pudendal v then internal iliac vein and IVC)

55
Q

Lymphatic drainage below pectinate line

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

56
Q

Innervation for external hemorrhoids

A

inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve, thus painful

57
Q

Affected 1st by Viral Hepatitis

A

Zone 1, periportal zone

58
Q

Affected 1st by ingested toxins

A

Zone 1, periportal zone

59
Q

Affected 1st by ischemia

A

Zone 3, pericentral vein or centrilobular zone

60
Q

Contains cytochrome P450 system

A

Zone 3, pericentral vein or centrilobular zone

61
Q

Most sensitive to metabolic toxins

A

Zone 3, pericentral vein or centrilobular zone

62
Q

Site of Alcoholic Hepatitis

A

Zone 3, pericentral vein or centrilobular zone

63
Q

Space of Disse

A

lymphatic drainage for liver

64
Q

Blood Flow in liver

A

Zone 1 to Zone 3 (central vein)

65
Q

Bile Flow in liver

A

Zone 3 to Zone 1 (bile ductule)

66
Q

Gallstone in ampulla of Vater

A

block both bile duct and pancreatic ducts

67
Q

Tumors in head of pancreas

A

Can obstruct common bile duct

68
Q

Femoral triangle

A

Lateral to Medial NAVeL

femoral nerve, artery, vein, lymph

69
Q

Femoral Sheath

A

3-4cm below inguinal ligament

femoral vein, artery and deep inguinal LN

70
Q

Site of protrusion of indirect hernia

A

Internal inguinal ring

71
Q

Site of protrusion of direct hernia

A

Abdominal Wall

Lateral to medial umbilical ligament and medial to inferior epigastric vessels

72
Q

Where internal spermatic fascia is from

A

transversalis fascia

73
Q

where cremasteria muscle/fascia is from

A

internal oblique

74
Q

where external spermatic fascia is from

A

external oblique

75
Q

Hourglass stomach

A

Sliding hiatal hernia

76
Q

fundus protrudes into thorax, Lung hypoplasia in young

A

Paraesophageal Hernia

77
Q

Defective development of pleuroperitoneal membrane

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

78
Q

Hernia through internal (deep) inguinal ring

A

Indirect hernia (in spermatic cord)

79
Q

Hernia in infants

A

Indirect hernia

80
Q

Failure of processes vaginalis to close

A

indirect hernia or hydrocele

81
Q

Medial to inferior epigastric artery

A

Direct hernia

82
Q

Protrudes through Hesselbach triangle

A

Direct Hernia

83
Q

Hernia in Older men

A

Direct Hernia

84
Q

Protrudes below inguinal ligament

A

Femoral Hernia (more common in females)

85
Q

Leading cause of Bowel incarceration

A

Femoral Hernia

86
Q

Hesselbach Triangle

A

inferior epigastric, lateral border of rectus abdominus, inguinal ligament

87
Q

Are we there yet?

First Aid Gastrointestinal (5 decks)

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