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First Aid Gastrointestinal > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common tumor of salivary glands

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma

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2
Q

Mobile, painless, circumscribed mass at angle of jaw made of stromal and epithelial tissue usually in parotid

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma

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3
Q

Benign cystic tumor with germinal centers, abundant lymphocytes in Parotid

A

Warthin Tumor

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4
Q

Most common malignant tumor and has mucinous and squamous components. Painless slow growing mass, usually in Parotid. Commonly involves facial nerve

A

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

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5
Q

Inflammation of salivary glands. Most commonly due to an obstructing stone leading to a unilateral S. aureus infection.

A

Sialoadenitis

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6
Q

Bird’s Beak

A

Achalasia

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7
Q

Chagas Disease

A

Achalasia

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8
Q

High LES opening pressure and uncoordinated peristalsis

A

Achalasia

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9
Q

Transmural, usually distal, esophageal rupture due to violent retching; Sx emergency

A

Boerhaave Syndrome

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10
Q

Lye ingestion and acid reflux

A

Esophageal Strictures

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11
Q

Painless bleeding of dilated mubmucosal veins in lower 1/3 of esophagus secondary to portal HTN

A

Esophageal varices

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12
Q

White pseudomembrane in esophagus

A

Candida esophagitis

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13
Q

Punched out ulcers in esophagus

A

HSV-1, esophagitis

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14
Q

Linear Ulcers in esophagus

A

CMV esophagitis

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15
Q

Nocturnal cough and dyspnea, adult onset asthma, regurgitation upon lying down

A

GERD

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16
Q

Mucosal lacerations at GE Jx due to severe vomiting, Alcoholic and Bulemics

A

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

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17
Q

Esophageal webs, iron deficiency anemia, and glossitis

A

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

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18
Q

esophageal smooth muscle atrophy, acid reflux and dysphagia, leads to stricture, Barretts, and aspiration

A

Sclerodermal esophageal dysmotility (part of CREST)

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19
Q

replacement of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with intestinal noncilated columnar with goblet cells

A

Barrett Esophagus

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20
Q

Acquired defect in muscular wall, above upper esophageal sphincter, Dysphagia, Obstruction, Halitosis

A

Zenker Diverticulum

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21
Q

Causes of SCC of esophagus

A

alcohol, cigarettes, diverticula, esophageal web, hot liquids
most common worldwide, upper 2/3 esophagus

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22
Q

Causes of Adenocarcinoma of esophagus

A

Barrett, Cigarettes, Obesity, GERD

More common in the US, in lower 1/3 esophagus

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23
Q

Curling Ulcer

A

Can be caused by stress, NSAIDs, alcohol, uremia, burns

Decrease in plasma volume and gastric mucosa sloughs off (reason they put patients in ICU on PPIs esp with shock)

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24
Q

Cushing Ulcer

A

increased ICP, increase vagal stimulation to increase H+ production

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25
Q

Type A Chronic Gastritis

A

Fundus/body of stomach, from Autoimmune disoders characterized by Ab towards parietal cells, pernicious Anemia, and Achlorhydria

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26
Q

Type B Chronic Gastritis

A

Antrum of stomach, caused by H. pylori, increase in MALT lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma
Tx with Triple Therapy

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27
Q

Gastric hypertrophy with protein loss, parietal cell atrophy, and incresed mucous cells. Rugae of stomach are hypertrophied that they look like a brain

A

Menetrier Dx

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28
Q

Intestinal Type Stomach Cancer

A

Associated with H. pylori, dietary nitrosamines (smoked food), tobacco, achlorhydria and chronic gastritis
Lesser curvature, looks like ulcer with raised margins
BLOOD TYPE A

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29
Q

Diffuse Type Stomach Cancer

A

Signet ring cells, stomach is grossly thickened and leathery (linitis plastica)

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30
Q

Virchow Node

A

Involvement of left supraclavicular node by metastasis from stomach

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31
Q

Krukenberg Tumor

A

BL metastases to ovaries from stomach cancer. Abundant mucus, signet rings

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32
Q

Sister Mary Joseph Nodule

A

Subcutaneous periumbilical metastasis

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33
Q

Pain increases with meals and the patient losses weight

A

Peptic Gastric Ulcer

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34
Q

Ulcer usually in older patients

A

Peptic Gastric Ulcer Disease

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35
Q

Ulcer associated with ZE syndrome

A

Peptic Duodenal Ulcer

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36
Q

100% associated with H. pylori

A

Peptic Duodenal Ulcer

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37
Q

Hypertrophy of Brunner Glands

A

Peptic Duodenal Ulcer

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38
Q

Pain decreases with meals, these patients gain weight

A

Peptic Duodenal Ulcer

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39
Q

Artery most commonly affected with rupture of posterior duodenal ulcer

A

gastroduodenal artery

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40
Q

Rupture of gastric ulcer

A

ulcer usually on lesser curvature, bleeding from left gastric artery

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41
Q

Anterior perforation of duodenal ulcer

A

free air under diaphragm

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42
Q

Bronchospasm, Diarrhea, Flushing of Skin

A

Carcinoid Syndrome

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43
Q

Damage to small bowel (jejunum and ileum) villi after recent visit to tropics, treated with antibiotics

A

Tropical Sprue

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44
Q

PAS (+)

A

Whipple Dx

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45
Q

Gram (+) bacteria affecting the lamina propria of small bowel, synovium of joints, cardiac valves, LN and CNS

A

T. whipplei

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46
Q

Intolerance of gliadin

A

Celaic Sprue

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47
Q

HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8

A

Celiac Sprue

48
Q

Anti-endomysial

A

Celiac Sprue

49
Q

Anti-tissue transglutaminase

A

Celiac Sprue

50
Q

Blunting of villi, decreased absorption primarily in distal duodenum and prox ileum

A

Celiac Sprue

51
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Celiac Sprue

52
Q

IgA deposition at tips of dermal papillae, resolves with gluten-free diet

A

Celiac Sprue - Dermatitis herpetiformis

53
Q

Most common lactase deficiency

A

Disaccharidase deficiency

54
Q

Osmotic diarrhea

A

Lactose intolerance

55
Q

Inability to generate chylomicrons therefore decrease secretion of cholesterol, VLDL into blood

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

56
Q

Fat Accumulation in enterocytes

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

57
Q

decrease in both ApoB48 and ApoB100

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

58
Q

Early childhood failure to thrive, steatorrhea, acanthocytosis, atazia and night blindness

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

59
Q

Increase in neutral fat in stool

A

Pancreatic Insufficiency

60
Q

D-xylose absorption test

A

normal urinary excretion = Pancreatic Insufficiency

decrease excretion = intestinal mucosa defects or bacterial overgrowth

61
Q

Enteropathy Associated T-cell Lymphoma

A

associated with Celiac Sprue

62
Q

Positive Chromogranin

A

Carcinoid Tumor

63
Q

5-HIAA in urine

A

Carcinoid Tumor

64
Q

Skip lesions, rectal sparing

A

Crohn Disease

65
Q

Disease that starts at rectum and continually moves its way up the GI tract

A

Ulcerative Colitis

66
Q

Transmural inflammation of GI tract

A

Crohn Disease

67
Q

string sign

A

Crohn Disease

68
Q

Cobble Stone Mucosa

A

Crohn Disease

69
Q

non-caseating granuloma and lymphoid aggregates

A

Crohn Disease

70
Q

Associated with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

Ulcerative Colitis

71
Q

Tx of Crohns

A

Corticosteroids, azathrioprine, methotrexate, infliximab, adalimumab

72
Q

Tx of Ulcerative Colitis

A

ASA preparations (sulfasalazine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

73
Q

Lead Pipe

A

Ulcerative Colitis

74
Q

Crypt Abscesses and ulcers

A

Ulcerative Colitis

75
Q

Th1 mediated

A

Crohn Dx

76
Q

Th2 mediated

A

Ulcerative Colitis

77
Q

Complications of Ulcerative Colitis

A

sclerosis cholangitis, toxic megacolon, colorectal carcinoma (10yrs with dx), malnutrition

78
Q

Pain improves with defecation, Change in stool frequency, change in appearance of stool

A

IBS

79
Q

Adult appendicitis

A

obstruction by fecalith

80
Q

Child Appendicitis

A

Lymphoid Hyperplasia

81
Q

Rovsing Sign

A

Apendicitis

82
Q

All 3 gut wall layers outpouch

A

True diverticulum

83
Q

Only mucosa and submucosa outpouch

A

False or pseudodiverticulum

84
Q

1 area of diverticulum

A

Sigmoid colon

85
Q

Many false diverticula of the colon caused by increased intraluminal pressure and focal weakness of colon wall

A

Diverticulosis

86
Q

LLQ pain, fever, leukocytosis

A

Diverticulitis

87
Q

May cause colovesical fistula

A

Diverticulitis

88
Q

“left-sided” appendicitis

A

DIverticulitis

89
Q

Killian Triangle Herniation

A

Zenker diverticulum, between thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts of inferior pharyngeal constrictor

90
Q

Melena, RLQ pain, intusseception, volvulus, or obstruction near terminal ileum

A

Meckel Diverticulum

91
Q

the 5 2’s

A

Meckel Diverticulum,
2inches long, 2 feet from ileocecal valve, 2% of population, commonly presents in first 2 years of life, 2 types of epithelia (gastric/pancreatic)

92
Q

Pertechnetate study for uptake by gastric ectopic mucosa

A

How Meckel is diagnosed

93
Q

Intermittent abdominal pain with “currant jelly” stools

A

Intussusception

94
Q

Telescoping of a bowel segment

A

Intussesception

95
Q

Twisting of bowel around its mesentery

A

Volvulus

96
Q

Sigmoid Volvulus

A

Old people

97
Q

Midgut/Cecum Volvulus

A

Young peopple

98
Q

Failure of neural crest cell migration in colon, assoc with RET mutation

A

Hirschsprung

99
Q

Fibrous band of scar tissue; commonly forms after surgery

A

Adhesion

100
Q

Tortuous dilation of vessels that can lead to hematochezia

A

Angiodysplasia

101
Q

Double bubble on X ray

A

Duodenal Atresia

102
Q

early bilous vomiting with proximal stomach distention

A

duodenal atresia (assoc with Downs)

103
Q

Failure of small bowel to recanalize

A

Duodenal Atresia

104
Q

Intestinal hypomotility without obstruction

A

Ileus

105
Q

Associated with abdominal surgeries, opiates, hypokalemia, and sepsis

A

Ileus

106
Q

Pain after eating causing weightloss, commonly occurs at splenic flexure and distal colon (reduced blood flow)

A

Ischemic Colitis

107
Q

Atherosclerosis of SMA

A

Ischemic Colitis

108
Q

Cystic Fibrosis, meconium plug that obstructs the intestine preventing stool passage

A

Meconium Ileus

109
Q

Necrosis of intestinal mucosa and possible perforation

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis

110
Q

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasias

A

Freq nose bleeds, GI bleeds from thinned walled BVs

111
Q

Most common non-neoplastic polyp in colon

A

Hyperplastic Polyp

112
Q

villous polyp

A

More likely to be cancerous

113
Q

APC gene mutation, kRAS mutation, p53

A

Adenomatous Polyp becoming cancer

114
Q

Multiple Juvenile Polyps in GI tract

A

Juvenile polyposis syndrome

115
Q

Autosomal Dominant Syndrome, mult. nonmalignant hamartomas throughout GI tract, hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands and genitalia

A

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

116
Q

TOO MUCH PATH

A

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First Aid Gastrointestinal (5 decks)

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