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Paramedic > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

4 Types of Drug Names

A

Chemical Name
Generic Name
Trade Name/Brand Name
Official Name

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2
Q

5 Drug Sources

A 
Plants
Animals
Minerals
Microorganisms
Synthetic
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3
Q

Dose

A

The amount of a drug to be administered

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4
Q

Dosage

A

Size, Number and Frequency of a drug to be administered.

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5
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

How medication enter the body, how they reach the site of action and how they become eliminated.

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6
Q

Types of Drug Routes

A

Enteral

Perenteral

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7
Q

Enteral Drug Routes

A

Through the G.I. Track. Can be administered orally, rectally, oral gastric, nasal gastric, sublingually and bucally.

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8
Q

Parenteral Drug Routes

A

Intravenous, Intramuscular, Intradermal, Intracardiac, Intraosseous, Subcutaneous, Umbilically, Transdermally, Endotracheal, Inhalation and Sublingual Injection.

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9
Q

3 Kinds of Transport

A

Active Transport, Passive Transport and Facilitated Transport

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10
Q

Facilitated Transport

A

Uses helper proteins to complete carrier mediated diffusion.

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11
Q

Factors that affect medication absorption

A

solubility, concentration, pH, surface area, site of administration blood supply and bioavailability.

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12
Q

2 Physiological barriers

A

Blood brain barrier

Placenta barrier

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13
Q

Half Life

A

How long it takes for half of a drug to be eliminated from the body.

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14
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The mechanism by which drugs act to produce physiological changes.

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15
Q

Passive Transport

A

osmosis, diffusion and filtration

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16
Q

Active Transport

A

Uses ATP to complete transport.

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17
Q

Affinity

A

A drug is drawn to a receptor site.

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18
Q

Efficacy

A

A drug can bind a receptor and cause an action or effect.

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19
Q

Agonist

A

A drug that binds a receptor causing the intended reaction of that receptor.

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20
Q

Partial Agonist

A

A drug that binds a receptor and causes part of that receptors intended reaction.

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21
Q

Inverse Agonist

A

A drug that binds a receptor and causes an opposite reaction from what the receptor is intended for.

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22
Q

Competitive Antagonist

A

A drug that binds a receptor and competes with an agonist to displace it.

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23
Q

Antagonist

A

A drug that binds a receptor and causes NO effect.

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24
Q

Antagonist/Agonist

A

A drug that binds a receptor and blocks only a portion of the intended reaction.
Ex. Blocks A and causes B to have intended reaction.

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25
Non-competitive Antagonist
A drug that binds a receptor and displaces any agonist that is present.
26
Partial Antagonist
A drug that binds a receptor and blocks some of the intended response but not all of it.
27
Factors affecting a drugs response in the body
``` Age Body mass Gender Environment Time Genetic Information Physiological ```
28
Sympathetic Nervous System Receptors
Adrenergic
29
Types of Adrenergic Receptors
Alpha, Beta and Dominergic
30
Parasympathetic Nervous System Receptors
Cholinergic
31
Types of Cholinergic Receptors
Nicotinic and Muscarinic
32
Positive Inotrope
Increased Contractility
33
Negative Inotrope
Decreased Contractility
34
Positive Chronotrope
Increased Heart Rate
35
Negative Chronotrope
Decreased Heart Rate
36
Alpha 1 Receptors
Peripheral Vasoconstriction Positive Inotrope Negative Chronotrope Bronchoconstriction
37
Alpha 2 Receptors
Peripheral Vasodilation by limiting norepinephrine release.
38
Beta 1 Receptors
Positive Inotrope Positive Chronotrope Positive Dromotrope
39
Beta 2 Receptors
Peripheral Vasodilation Bronchodilation Uterine and smooth muscle relaxer G.I. smooth muscle relaxer
40
Beta 3 Receptors
Increased lipolysis | Increased thermogenesis
41
Dopaminergic Receptors
Renal Artery dilation Mesenteric Artery dilation Cerebral Dilation Coronary Dilation
42
Schedule I Drugs
Drugs that have no medical use and are highly addictive.
43
Schedule II Drugs
Drugs that have medical uses but are highly addictive.
44
Schedule IIN Drugs
Non-Narcotic drugs with medical uses that are highly addictive.
45
Schedule III Drugs
Narcotics in combination with other drugs.
46
Phase I in new medication development
Pharmacokinetics
47
Phase II in new medication development
Therapeutic determination of the drug
48
Phase III in new medication development
Data collection about the drugs reactions, side effects, adverse reaction and benefits.
49
Phase IV in new medication development
Post marketing
50
Types of liquid medications
``` Solutions Tinctures Suspensions Emulsions Spirits Syrups Elixirs ```
51
Types of solid medications
``` Pills Powders Tablets Suppository Capsule ```
52
Types of topical medications
``` Lotions Ointment Liniments Paste Plasters Creams ```
53
Types of aerosols
Nebulizers | Nitro-spray
54
Tachyphylaxis
Immediate tolerance for a drug
55
Summation
Two drugs combined have doubled the response.
56
Synergism
Two drugs combined have more than a doubled response.
57
Idiosyncrasy
A drug reaction unique to a single person.
58
Components of a drug card
``` Drug Name Classification Mechanism Indications Contraindications Side Effects Adverse Reactions Dose/Dosage Special Considerations ```
59
USP
United States Pharmacopeia
60
NF
National Formulary
61
Biotransformation
Series of modifications made by an organism on a chemical compound.
62
Muscarinic Receptors
Promotes parasympathetic nervous system responses.
63
V-1 Peripheral Receptors
V-1 | V-2
64
V-1 Receptors
Vasoconstriction
65
V-2 Receptors
Permeability and reabsorption in the tubules of the kidney.

Paramedic (6 decks)

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