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Paramedic > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Phase 0 of an action potential

A

Rapid Depolarization

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2
Q

Phase 1 of an action potential

A

Early rapid repolarization

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3
Q

Phase 2 of an action potential

A

Plateau

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4
Q

Phase 3 of an action potential

A

Terminal phase of rapid repolarization

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5
Q

Phase 4 of an action potential

A

Phase between action potentials

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6
Q

Refractory period

A

No stimulus can cause depolarization during this period

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7
Q

Relative refractory period

A

If enough energy is introduced, depolarization can be forced

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8
Q

Heart rate when initiated in the SA node

A

60-100bpm

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9
Q

Heart rate when initiated in the AV node

A

40-60bpm

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10
Q

Heart rate when initiated in the purkinje fibers

A

20-40bpm

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11
Q

Pathway of the conduction system in the heart?

A 
SA node
Internal pathways
AV node
AV junction
Bundle of his
Left and right bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
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12
Q

Electrode

A

Sensing device that connects conductive gel to the skin

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13
Q

Cable

A

Wire connecting electrodes to ECG monitor

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14
Q

Lead

A

View of the heart. Usually viewed as a print out.

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15
Q

Do ECG monitors display mechanical activity?

A

No

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16
Q

What does an ECG monitor display?

A

Several leads making a display on a screen

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17
Q

What information can be gathered from a single lead?

A

Rate, regularity and time to conduct an impulse

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18
Q

A single lead cannot…

A

Sense mechanical activity, identify infarct, xis deviation an chamber enlargement. It cannot identify differences in left and right conduction.

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19
Q

Lead I placement

A

Positive lead- Left arm

Negative lead- Right arm

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20
Q

Lead II placement

A

Positive- Left leg

Negative- Right arm

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21
Q

Lead III placement

A

Positive- Left leg

Negative- Left arm

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22
Q

Bipolar leads

A

Lead I, II and III

23
Q

Augmented limb leads

A

aVR, aVL and aVF

24
Q

aVR Lead

A

Between the right arm and a calculated point in the heart

25
aVL Lead
Acts as a lateral lead, records from left shoulder down
26
aVF Lead
Acts as inferior lead, records from lower left extremity
27
Precordial leads
6 more unipolar leads added to the standard ECG analysis
28
V1 chest lead placement
4th intercostal space to the right of the sternum
29
V2 chest lead placement
4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum
30
V3 chest lead placement
Between 2 and 4
31
V4 chest lead placement
5th intercostal space on the midclavicular line
32
V5 chest lead placement
Between 4 and 6
33
V6 chest lead placement
5th intercostal space left of the midaxillary line
34
X axis of the ECG print out
Time
35
Y axis of the ECG print out
Voltage
36
Big boxes on the ECG print out represent how many seconds?
.20 seconds
37
Little boxes on the ECG print out represent how many seconds?
.04 seconds
38
What can cause artifact?
Muscle tremors, shivering, patient movement, loose electrodes, 60 hertz interference and machine malfunction.
39
P Wave
Atrial depolarization
40
QRS complex
Ventricular depolarization
41
T Wave
Ventricular repolarization
42
Baseline on an ECG
Isoelectric line
43
PR Interval
0.12-0.20 seconds
44
QRS Complex
0.08-0.12 seconds
45
QT Interval
0.33-0.42 seconds
46
6 steps to analyzing an ECG
1. Analyze rate 2. Analyze rhythm 3. Analyze p-waves 4. Analyze p-r interval 5. Analyze QRS complex 6. LOOK AT PATIENT
47
3 Methods used to analyze the rate of an ECG?
Triplicate method, 6 second method and r-r method
48
Normal Sinus Rhythm
``` Rate- 60-100 bpm Rhythm- regular P waves- all normal and all look alike PR interval- 0.12-0.20 seconds QRS complex- <0.10 sec, all normal and all look alike ```
49
Dysrhythmias originating in the SA node
Sinus bradycardia, Sinus tachycardia and sinus dysrhythmia.
50
What makes sinus bradycardia different than normal sinus?
A heart rate less than 60bpm.
51
Causes of sinus bradycardia
Sinus node disease, increased vagal tone, hypoxia, hypothermia, acute myocardial infarction and drugs.
52
What makes sinus tachycardia different than normal sinus?
A heart rate faster than 60bpm.
53
Causes of sinus tachycardia
Sympathetic stimulation, caffeine, amphetamines, fever, pain, smoking, exercise, anemia, hypovolemia, drugs and CHF.
54
Sinus Dysrhythmia
Heart rate changes with breathing causing rhythm to be regularly irregular. Heart rate increases with inspiration and decreases with exhalation.

Paramedic (6 decks)

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