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Paramedic > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Phase 0 of an action potential

A

Rapid Depolarization

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2
Q

Phase 1 of an action potential

A

Early rapid repolarization

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3
Q

Phase 2 of an action potential

A

Plateau

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4
Q

Phase 3 of an action potential

A

Terminal phase of rapid repolarization

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5
Q

Phase 4 of an action potential

A

Phase between action potentials

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6
Q

Refractory period

A

No stimulus can cause depolarization during this period

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7
Q

Relative refractory period

A

If enough energy is introduced, depolarization can be forced

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8
Q

Heart rate when initiated in the SA node

A

60-100bpm

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9
Q

Heart rate when initiated in the AV node

A

40-60bpm

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10
Q

Heart rate when initiated in the purkinje fibers

A

20-40bpm

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11
Q

Pathway of the conduction system in the heart?

A 
SA node
Internal pathways
AV node
AV junction
Bundle of his
Left and right bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
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12
Q

Electrode

A

Sensing device that connects conductive gel to the skin

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13
Q

Cable

A

Wire connecting electrodes to ECG monitor

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14
Q

Lead

A

View of the heart. Usually viewed as a print out.

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15
Q

Do ECG monitors display mechanical activity?

A

No

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16
Q

What does an ECG monitor display?

A

Several leads making a display on a screen

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17
Q

What information can be gathered from a single lead?

A

Rate, regularity and time to conduct an impulse

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18
Q

A single lead cannot…

A

Sense mechanical activity, identify infarct, xis deviation an chamber enlargement. It cannot identify differences in left and right conduction.

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19
Q

Lead I placement

A

Positive lead- Left arm

Negative lead- Right arm

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20
Q

Lead II placement

A

Positive- Left leg

Negative- Right arm

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21
Q

Lead III placement

A

Positive- Left leg

Negative- Left arm

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22
Q

Bipolar leads

A

Lead I, II and III

23
Q

Augmented limb leads

A

aVR, aVL and aVF

24
Q

aVR Lead

A

Between the right arm and a calculated point in the heart

25
Q

aVL Lead

A

Acts as a lateral lead, records from left shoulder down

26
Q

aVF Lead

A

Acts as inferior lead, records from lower left extremity

27
Q

Precordial leads

A

6 more unipolar leads added to the standard ECG analysis

28
Q

V1 chest lead placement

A

4th intercostal space to the right of the sternum

29
Q

V2 chest lead placement

A

4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum

30
Q

V3 chest lead placement

A

Between 2 and 4

31
Q

V4 chest lead placement

A

5th intercostal space on the midclavicular line

32
Q

V5 chest lead placement

A

Between 4 and 6

33
Q

V6 chest lead placement

A

5th intercostal space left of the midaxillary line

34
Q

X axis of the ECG print out

A

Time

35
Q

Y axis of the ECG print out

A

Voltage

36
Q

Big boxes on the ECG print out represent how many seconds?

A

.20 seconds

37
Q

Little boxes on the ECG print out represent how many seconds?

A

.04 seconds

38
Q

What can cause artifact?

A

Muscle tremors, shivering, patient movement, loose electrodes, 60 hertz interference and machine malfunction.

39
Q

P Wave

A

Atrial depolarization

40
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarization

41
Q

T Wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

42
Q

Baseline on an ECG

A

Isoelectric line

43
Q

PR Interval

A

0.12-0.20 seconds

44
Q

QRS Complex

A

0.08-0.12 seconds

45
Q

QT Interval

A

0.33-0.42 seconds

46
Q

6 steps to analyzing an ECG

A
  1. Analyze rate
  2. Analyze rhythm
  3. Analyze p-waves
  4. Analyze p-r interval
  5. Analyze QRS complex
  6. LOOK AT PATIENT
47
Q

3 Methods used to analyze the rate of an ECG?

A

Triplicate method, 6 second method and r-r method

48
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

A 
Rate- 60-100 bpm
Rhythm- regular
P waves- all normal and all look alike
PR interval- 0.12-0.20 seconds
QRS complex- <0.10 sec, all normal and all look alike
49
Q

Dysrhythmias originating in the SA node

A

Sinus bradycardia, Sinus tachycardia and sinus dysrhythmia.

50
Q

What makes sinus bradycardia different than normal sinus?

A

A heart rate less than 60bpm.

51
Q

Causes of sinus bradycardia

A

Sinus node disease, increased vagal tone, hypoxia, hypothermia, acute myocardial infarction and drugs.

52
Q

What makes sinus tachycardia different than normal sinus?

A

A heart rate faster than 60bpm.

53
Q

Causes of sinus tachycardia

A

Sympathetic stimulation, caffeine, amphetamines, fever, pain, smoking, exercise, anemia, hypovolemia, drugs and CHF.

54
Q

Sinus Dysrhythmia

A

Heart rate changes with breathing causing rhythm to be regularly irregular. Heart rate increases with inspiration and decreases with exhalation.

Paramedic (6 decks)

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